Effect of social class of subjects on normative responses to TAT cards

Ehrenreich, John H.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199007)46:4<467::aid-jclp2270460415>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Researchers have had varying degrees of success in doing this. Even if researchers are successful at controlling for other confounding variables, this does violence to the phenomenology of social class, which in "real life" always occurs in the context of the other sociocultural variables (Ehrenreich, 1990). The very act of isolating what is in social reality found only in combination may both minimize and falsify the significance of that which is isolated (Ehrenreich, 1990).…”

Section: (1988) Called This the Transactional U I M Of Child H E L O ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some research reviewers have suggested that social class has a more profound effect than ethnicity in psychiatric symptomatology (Dohrenwend 8c Dohrenwend, 1974;Eaton, 1980;Kohn, 1973). Ehrenreich (1990) analyzed the written responses to five Thematic Apperception Test cards of 70 White female college students who were classified as "working class" or "middle class" according to the characteristics of their families of origin. He found significant differences in the pattern of dependency and locus of control, but not for the number of drive expressions, intensity of drive expressions, or level of defenses used.…”

Section: Ses and Personality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poverty and socioeconomic status.

Frisby¹

1998

Test Interpretation and Diversity: Achieving Equity in Assessment.

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Section: (1988) Called This the Transactional U I M Of Child H E L O ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ses and Personality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty and socioeconomic status.

Frisby¹

1998

Test Interpretation and Diversity: Achieving Equity in Assessment.

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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) interpretation: Practice recommendations from a survey of clinical psychology doctoral programs accredited by the American Psychological Association.

Rossini

Moretti²

1997

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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Surveys of academic psychologists have suggested that the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a diminished aspect of graduate training despite its popularity in practice. The authors surveyed training directors of clinical psychology doctoral programs accredited by the American Psychological Association to determine how the TAT was taught. Results indicated that TAT interpretation is a modest aspect of most respondents' programs. The only widely used resource was L. Bellak's psychoanalytic textbook (1986, 1993). Numerous chapters available and the entire journal canon appeared to be unaccessed. The authors pose a partial solution to the apparent disparity: Profession-wide recommendations are provided followed by a syllabus of recommended books, chapters, and articles.The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1943) has long been a standard component of the comprehensive personality assessment battery for school-age children, adolescents, adults, and even senior (geriatric) adults. Since the publication of the revised TAT cards, TAT use has never waned substantially in clinical practice (Lubin, Larsen, & Matarazzo, 1984). The numerous well-known surveys of psychological instrument usage indicate that the TAT remains either the most preferred or second most commonly used projective technique, along with the Rorschach Inkblot Test, regardless of the client's age, diagnostic referral issue, location, or purpose of the personality evaluation (Watkins, Campbell, Nieberding, & Hallmark, 1995). Despite such widespread use, the TAT remains the most contro-EDWARD D. ROSSINI read for his PhD in clinical psychology at Loyola University of Chicago in 1986. He is an associate professor in the School of Psychology at Roosevelt University. His integrated teaching and research and his interests focus on clinical assessment and life span neuropsychological assessment. He maintains an independent practice in Evanston, Illinois, in comprehensive psychological assessment and individual supportive psychotherapy. ROBERT J. MORETTI received his PhD in clinical psychology from Loyola University of Chicago in 1982. He is in independent practice in Chicago, Illinois, where he focuses on psychological assessment and psychotherapy of patients with medical disorders. He is associate clinical professor in the Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Medical School. Currently, he is finishing his thesis for the diploma in analytical psychology, C. G. Jung Center of Chicago. WE GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGE the thoughtful commentary and editorial suggestions provided by Janice M. Kowalski, Jeffrey M. Kunka, and Dan P. McAdams on earlier drafts of this article. We note that Phoebe Cramer's interesting book on the TAT was not available when we conducted the survey and that there sadly continues to be no English translation of Francoise Brelet-Foulard's book on the TAT.

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Differential Validity of the Defense Mechanism Manual for the TAT Between Asian Americans and Whites

Hibbard¹,

Tang²,

Latko³

et al. 2000

Journal of Personality Assessment

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Thematic Apperception Test (Murray, 1943) responses of 69 Asian American (hereafter, Asian) and 83 White students were coded for defenses according to the Defense Mechanism Manual (Cramer, 1991b) and studied for differential validity in predicting paper-and-pencil measures of relevant constructs. Three tests for differential validity were used: (a) differences between validity coefficients, (b) interactions between predictor and ethnicity in criterion prediction, and (c) differences between groups in mean prediction errors using a common regression equation. Modest differential validity was found. It was surprising that the DMM scales were slightly stronger predictors of their criteria among Asians than among Whites and when a common predictor was used, desirable criteria were overpredicted for Asians, whereas undesirable ones were overpredicted for Whites. The results were not affected by acculturation level or English vocabulary among the Asians.

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Effect of social class of subjects on normative responses to TAT cards

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Poverty and socioeconomic status.

Poverty and socioeconomic status.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) interpretation: Practice recommendations from a survey of clinical psychology doctoral programs accredited by the American Psychological Association.

Differential Validity of the Defense Mechanism Manual for the TAT Between Asian Americans and Whites

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