Effect of sodium benzoate on zinc electrodeposition in chloride solution

Abstract

The effect of sodium benzoate on the electrodeposition of zinc on carbon steel electrode from acidic chloride solution was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential capacitance (DC), chronoamperometry (CA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A dimensionless graph model was used to analyze the nucleation process of zinc. It is found that the sodium benzoate has a blocking effect on the zinc electrodeposition when its concentration is higher than 0.03 M but will accelerate the formation rate of zinc nuclei when its concentration is lower than 0.03 M. Benzoate can be adsorbed on the surface of the electrode, which reduces the interface tension of electrode/solution and favors the formation and growth of zinc nuclei when its concentration is lower than 0.03 M, but forms a separated layer and retards the formation and growth of zinc nuclei when its concentration is higher than 0.03 M.

Electrodeposition of Zinc from Choline Chloride-Ethylene Glycol Deep Eutectic Solvent: Effect of the Tartrate Ion

“…The deposition of zinc from aqueous solution in steel and GC electrodes follows a 3D instantaneous model. 2,4,7,8 Using ionic liquids the 3D instantaneous nucleation model was also reported for the deposition of zinc on GC electrode from BMP-DCA, on GC and Ni electrodes from ZnCl 2 -EMIC. 25,27 On the other hand the deposition of zinc from the ionic liquid Bu 3 MeN-Tf 2 N in W and Pt electrodes follows the 3D progressive nucleation model.…”

“…Therefore the complete mathematical expression for the theoretical transient is given by Eqs. 8 and 9. j dl 3D p = j dl + j3D p [8] j dl 2D p = j dl + j2D p [9] Fig. 4B shows the non-linear fitting of the experimental transient obtained at −1.475 V using Eqs.…”

“…4 Depending on the nature of the additives they can form complexes with the metals ions making the reduction of such metals more difficult or they can inhibit the metal nucleation by adsorbing at the electrode surface. 5 The electrodeposition of zinc and zinc alloys have been generally practiced from aqueous solution with a wide range of additives 4,[6][7][8][9][10] among them we found tartaric acid 6,11,12 which produces uniform and compact zinc deposits. Nevertheless the narrow potential window and the hydrogen evolution are a major drawback of these plating solutions.…”

A Study on the Effect of Additive Combination on Improving Anticorrosion Property of Zinc Electrodeposit from Acid Chloride Bath

“…The bath solutions employed in zinc electrodeposition are usually acid chloride, sulfate, mixed sulfate-chloride, and alkaline types. − Among all of these, acid chloride zinc plating bath provides relatively better plating properties such as high-conductivity, low cost, and nontoxic nature. The acid chloride electrolytes are used especially when high plating rate with maximum current efficiency is required . The use of a good additives system in chloride bath generates leveled, bright deposit over the wide current density range with improved anticorrosion property .…”

“…The acid chloride electrolytes are used especially when high plating rate with maximum current efficiency is required. 15 The use of a good additives system in chloride bath generates leveled, bright deposit over the wide current density range with improved anticorrosion property. 16 The additives used in chloride bath are generally a combination of brighteners and levelers or carriers.…”