Effect of sodium butyrate on S‐100 protein levels and the cAMP response

Abstract

Sodium butyrate (NaB), when added to cell cultures, produces a variety of morphological and biochemical changes. We examined its effects, in nM concentrations, on the expression of two glioma cell-associated proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein in human glioma-derived cell line (RF), and of S-100 protein in the C6 rat glioma cell line. GFAP levels decreased by about 50% in the RF cell line, and S-100 protein levels decreased protein levels decreased by about 40% after treatment with 1 mM NaB for 48 h. In the C6 rat glioma cell line, isoproterenol with theophylline was found to increase S-100 levels by two-fold over basal levels. NaB was found to inhibit the induction of S-100 protein but exhibited no effect on the basal levels of the protein. Other short chain fatty acids, including sodium propionate and sodium isobutyrate, exhibited partial inhibitory activity. NaB, at an EC50 of 1 mM, was also found to inhibit both the beta-adrenergic and the forskolin-mediated increase in cAMP levels in these cells. This suggests that NaB may inhibit cells from expressing S-100 protein by attenuating cAMP levels.

Histone deacetylase inhibition‐mediated post‐translational elevation of p27KIP1 protein levels is required for G1 arrest in fibroblasts

“…Butyrate and other SCFA can induce a variety of changes within the nucleus, including histone hyperacetylation, DNA methylation, and other actions (Prasad and Sinha, 1976; Sealy and Chalkley, 1978; Hirschfeld and Bressler, 1987). The effects on histone acetylation have been studied most intensely.…”

Regulation of cAMP levels by protein kinase C in C6 rat glioma cells

“…This would not explain why in our experiments the forskolin response is inhibited since forskolin does not effect the beta-adrenergic receptor, but rather, in a concentration dependent manner, increases cAMP at Ns or at the adenylate cyclase (Daly, 1984). Our data suggests that another mech-and inhibits the beta-adrenergic and forskokin response in C6 cells (Hirshfeld and Bressler, 1987). Therefore, it appears that maintenance of adequate cAMP levels may be crucial in expressing differentiated properties in C6 rat glioma cells.…”

Postnatal development of the myenteric glial network and its modulation by butyrate

“…These observations are in agreement with the results reported by Hirschfeld and Bressler (16), who showed that butyrate has no effect on GFAP expression in the C6 rat glioma cell line. Whether butyrate affects maturation of EGC in the human colon remains to be determined [a decrease in expression of S100␤ and GFAP has been described in human-derived glioma cell lines following butyrate treatment (16), suggesting that species-specific differences may exist]. Of interest among these findings is the recent study by Karaboudis et al (20) showing that microbiota had a central role in favoring the development and maturation of mucosal EGC.…”