Effect of soft reduction technique on microstructure and toughness of medium carbon steel

Ali, Naqash; Zhang, Liqiang; Zhou, Hongwei; Zhao, Aonan; Zhang, Chaojie; Fu, Kaixuan; Cheng, Jinqi

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102130

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…To further clarify the DRX, DRV, and flow instability behavior of 42CrMo, the hot processing map was drawn according to the dynamic materials model (DMM) [32,33]. DMM defines that the total power of the input system, P, consists of two parts, namely the dissipation coordination J, and the dissipation G. Their relationship is Equation (8).…”

Section: Hot Processing Maps Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Defects deteriorate products' service performance and fatigue life [7]. To control internal defects, researchers proposed many processes such as the soft reduction (SR) process [8,9] and heavy reduction (HR) process. Compared with the conventional process, the HR process applies a larger equivalent strain through a small reduction amount, pressuring the billet's internal shrinkage and porosity [10,11], breaking the dendrite [12], refining the grain, and improving density and segregation [13] based on the temperature gradient rolling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Equation of 42CrMo Steel at High Temperature

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2021

Metals

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High-temperature reduction pretreatment (HTRP) is a process that can significantly improve the core quality of a billet. The existing flow stress data cannot meet the needs of simulation due to lack of high temperature data. To obtain the hot forming process parameters for the high-temperature reduction pretreatment process of 42CrMo steel, a hot compression experiment of 42CrMo steel was conducted on Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical at 1200–1350 °C with the rates of deformation 0.001–10 s−1 and the deformation of 60%, and its deformation behavior at elevated temperature was studied. In this study, the effects of flow stress temperature and strain rate on austenite grain were investigated. Moreover, two typical constitutive models were employed to describe the flow stress, namely the Arrhenius constitutive model of strain compensation and back propagation artificial neural network (BP ANN) model. The performance evaluation shows that BP ANN model has high accuracy and stability to predict the curve. The thermal processing maps under strains of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 were established. Based on the analysis of the thermal processing map, the optimal high reduction process parameter range of 42CrMo is obtained: the temperature range is 1250–1350 °C, and the strain rate range is 0.01–1 s−1.

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Section: Hot Processing Maps Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Equation of 42CrMo Steel at High Temperature

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…The inverse pole figure (IPF) and KAM maps are illustrated in Figure 3(a1,b1,c1) and (a2,b2,c2), respectively. The IPF and KAM maps are generally used to show the crystal orientation and local misorientation analysis respectively 13,14 . At the bottom of Figure 3, blue and red colors in the color bar of misorientation map indicates the low and high misorientation respectively.…”

Section: Microstructure Characterization Based On Ebsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, these were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron channeling contrast (ECC). In recent years, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has been used to analyze the cells, sub-grains 11,12 , and other dislocation microstructures 13,14 . In particular, the Kernel average misorientation (KAM) 15 , grain reference orientation deviation (GROD) 16,17 , and grain orientation spread (GOS) 18 are obtained from the grain orientation via EBSD measurements, which can be used to qualitatively evaluate the degree of plastic deformation within the grains 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Dislocation Structure in a Nb-bearing Austenitic Stainless Steel After Low Cycle Fatigue via TEM and EBSD

Fang

Wei

et al. 2022

Mat. Res.

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In this paper, the relationship between Kernel average misorientation (KAM), geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density and dislocation structures of Nb-bearing austenitic stainless steel under low cycle fatigue (LCF) was studied at 600°C at the total strain amplitude ranged from 0.3% to 1.0%. The results based on EBSD analysis show that the GND density in fatigue specimens gradually increases with the increase of strain amplitude. Under LCF loading, the dislocation structures are mainly planar slip bands (PSBs) and the cell structures. With the increase of strain amplitude, the number of PSBs increases with decrease in width, and the average diameter of cells also decreases. The PSBs originate due to the dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect, and DSA is more significant under high strain amplitude. The average diameter of cell structures has a specific relationship with GND density.

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“…It is well known that the conventional Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) can be used to determine the ORs between the matrix and the second phase with micron or even millimeter scale, for example, ferrite precipitates with its neighboring grain holding K-S OR via EBSD in medium carbon steel [38]. TEM results show that the formation of the FCC-Ti has been proposed to preferred the ORs with the HCP-Ti matrix.…”

Section: Pole Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Phase Transformation Orientation Relationship of HCP-FCC during Rolling of High Purity Titanium

et al. 2021

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High purity titanium (Ti) thin strip was prepared by rolling with large deformation and was characterized by the means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction (SAED) pattern, high-resolution (HRTEM) analysis, as well as Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD). It is found that there are face-centered cubic (FCC) Ti laths formed within the matrix of hexagonal close packing (HCP) Ti. This shows that the HCP-FCC phase transition occurred during the rolling, and a specific orientation relationship (OR) between HCP phase and FCC phase obeys ⟨0001⟩α// ⟨001⟩FCC and {100}α//{110}FCC. The ORs of HCP-FCC phase transition are deeply studied by TKD pole figure and phase transformation matrix. It is found that the derived results via pole figure and transformation matrix are equivalent, and are consistent with TEM-SAED analysis results, which proves that these two methods can effectively characterize the ORs of HCP-FCC phase transition and predict possible FCC phase variants.

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Effect of soft reduction technique on microstructure and toughness of medium carbon steel

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Equation of 42CrMo Steel at High Temperature

Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Equation of 42CrMo Steel at High Temperature

Characterization of Dislocation Structure in a Nb-bearing Austenitic Stainless Steel After Low Cycle Fatigue via TEM and EBSD

Study on Phase Transformation Orientation Relationship of HCP-FCC during Rolling of High Purity Titanium

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