Effect of Soil Fumigation on Degradation of Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen in Laboratory and Ginger Field Studies

Abstract

Herbicides are usually applied to agricultural fields following soil fumigation to provide effective weed control in high-value cash crops. However, phytotoxicity has been observed in ginger seedlings following the application of herbicides in fumigated fields. This study tested a mixture of herbicides (pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen) and several fumigant treatments in laboratory and field studies to determine their effect on the growth of ginger. The results showed that soil fumigation significantly (P < 0.05) extended the degradation period of these herbicides in the field and in laboratory studies. The half-life of pendimethalin was extended by an average of approximately 1.29 times in the field and 1.74 times in the laboratory. The half-life of oxyfluorfen was extended by an average of about 1.19 times in the field and 1.32 times in the laboratory. Moreover, the extended period of herbicide degradation in the fumigant and nonfumigant treatments significantly reduced ginger plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, and the chlorophyll content. The study concluded that applying a dose below the recommended rate of these herbicides in chloropicrin (CP) or CP + 1,3-dichloropropene fumigated ginger fields is appropriate, as application of the recommended herbicide dose in fumigated soil may be phytotoxic to ginger.

Effect of soil fumigants on degradation of abamectin and their combination synergistic effect to root-knot nematode

“…Faster degradation in the greenhouse may have been due to the prevalence of conditions in the field, such as rainfall, light, high temperature and other factors that have been reported to degrade ABM [ 24 ]. The soil microbial population may also have been larger in the greenhouse than in the laboratory [ 51 , 52 ]. Fumigant treatments significantly prolonged the time for ABM degradation than in the unfumigated treatments in the greenhouse and in the laboratory.…”

Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Soil under Ginger Cultivation

“…The extent of the diversity of microorganisms in soil is critical to the maintenance of health and quality of soil and plant, as a wide range of microorganisms is involved in important soil functions [ 20 ]. Recently, there have been a few studies on reports of ginger diseases [ 14 , 15 , 21 , 22 ]. However, to the best of our knowledge, the reports on soil microbes in ginger fields are limited.…”

“…The library quality was assessed on the Qubit @ 2.0 Fluorometer (Thermo Scientific) and Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 system (Agilent Technologies). Finally, the libraries were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Preparation and Characterization of Pendimethalin Microcapsules Based on Microfluidic Technology

“… 6 , 38 Moreover, pendimethalin itself is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, especially to fish, requiring special attention when used in high-groundwater-level areas. 37 , 40 Therefore, it is of great necessity and importance to design a controlled release formulation to prevent the side effects and enhance the stability of pendimethalin.…”