Effect of soil–structure interaction on a masonry structure under train-induced vibrations

Khan, Bilal Lal; Farooq, Hassan; Usman, Muhammad; Butt, Faheem; Khan, Abdul Qudoos; Hanif, Asad

doi:10.1680/jstbu.18.00131

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The reason for the discrepancies in the FE model results was the differences in the actual and assumed material properties, boundary conditions, and structural geometry used for modeling. To minimize the differences between the experimental and numerical results, FE model updating techniques were used that involved manual changes in the mechanical properties of the model, i.e., Young's modulus, boundary conditions, mass source, and by changing the mesh size [4,46,47].…”

Section: Finite Element Model Updatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Identification of a 90 m High Minaret of a Landmark Structure under Ambient Vibrations

et al. 2022

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This paper presents the operational modal analysis of a 90-m-high RC minaret of an iconic mosque considered as a landmark of the city. The minaret was monitored for three days with 11 tri-axial MEMS accelerometers. The purpose of the study was to observe the behavior, develop a representative finite element (FE) model, and establish baseline data for health monitoring studies. The modal properties were extracted using three operational modal analysis techniques (OMA): Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD), Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI), and Natural Excitation Technique with Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (NExT-ERA). The first 10 identified modes were below 7 Hz. Eight modes out of the ten were bending-dominant, while the remaining two were torsion-dominant. A FE model was also developed in ETABS to ascertain and compare the response of the structure with the identified results. From the FE model, the modes corresponding to the first ten identified modes were considered for comparison with the identified frequencies from ambient monitoring. The maximum 7.71% error was observed between the experimental and numerical frequencies. The error was minimized by using the manual updating the material properties and adding the weight of nonstructural elements. The variation of identified modal frequencies with ambient temperature was observed to be linearly dependent to a reasonable degree. A general trend of decreasing identified frequencies was observed with the rise in temperature.

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Section: Finite Element Model Updatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Identification of a 90 m High Minaret of a Landmark Structure under Ambient Vibrations

et al. 2022

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“…Damage indices are used for correlating the accumulated damage with different specific damage states, and numerous nonidentical damage indices may exist for the same structure. For instance, Khan et al [44] used global displacement of the structure to characterize the structural damage. Crowley et al [45] considered damage limit states based on the strain levels in concrete and steel.…”

Section: Damage Indicator and The Definition Of Limit Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of School Buildings in Seismic Zone 4 of Pakistan

Zain

Usman

Farooq

et al. 2019

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Thick population density and its escalation propensity in seismically active regions of Pakistan has raised sincere concerns about the performance of building stock whose suboptimal performance and complete collapses led to a colossal number of casualties during the past earthquakes. The current research is inspired by the Kashmir earthquake of 2005 which consumed more than 80,000 lives, out of which, approximately 19,000 were children due to wide spread collapse of school buildings. A new database for existing reinforced concrete (RC) school buildings in seismic zone 4 of Pakistan has been developed using the surveyed information and presented briefly. The paper presents the statistics of the data collected through field surveys and professional interviews. It was found that the infrastructural authorities in the considered region developed some specific designs for school buildings, with varying architectural and structural configurations, which were eventually replicated throughout the area. In the current study, almost 2500 schools were surveyed for identifying versatile architectural and structural configurations, and subsequently, 19 different types had been identified, which were eventually used as representative stock for the schools in seismic zone 4 of Pakistan, Muzaffarabad district. The results of the study yield the brief of the collected data from the field and a consolidated methodology for establishing the analytical fragility relationships for one of the 19 structural configurations of the school buildings. A sample building from the collected data has been selected by considering the maximum number of students, and afterwards, the vulnerability is assessed by employing incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) which constitutes the presented methodology. Finally, the fragility curves are developed and presented for the said building type. The derived analytical fragility curves for the considered building type indicate its structural vulnerability and as a whole represent its satisfactory behavior. The vulnerability assessment process and the fragility development are described in an easy manner so that the domestic practicing engineers can readily become able to extend the application towards other school buildings in the region. The developed relationships can be employed for rational decision making so that essential disaster preparedness can be carried out by identifying any need for structural strengthening and interventions.

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“…The contact between concrete and steel strips is fixed using anchors. The effect of soil structure interaction is ignored in this study, being out of scope [25]. Detailed procedure for the installation of anchors is shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: The Technique Used For Improvement Of the Existing Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Blast Loading Response of Reinforced Concrete Panels Externally Reinforced with Steel Strips

Khan¹,

Farooq²,

Usman³

2019

Infrastructures

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Frequent terrorist activities, the use of vehicle bomb blasts and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have brought forth the task of protection against blasts as a priority issue for engineers. Terrorists mostly target the areas where human and economic losses are significantly higher. It is really challenging to study the effects of blast loading on structures due to numerous variables. For instance, the type of detonation charge, explosive material, placement of charge and standoff distance, etc., are a few of the variables which make the system more complicated. Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) wall panels are commonly used for protecting important installations and buildings. In this research, the response of RCC wall panels has been investigated due to the blast effect caused by two TNT charge weights of 50 kg and 100 kg. These two charge weights have been selected after a detailed study of terrorist activities in the recent past. For this purpose, an existing arrangement at an important military installation, i.e., NESCOM Hospital Islamabad in Pakistan, has been selected. To reduce computational efforts, three RCC wall panels, placed side by side producing a continuous front along with a corresponding boundary and structural wall, have been considered. RCC wall panels are placed at a distance of 3 ft from the perimeter of the boundary wall and 23 ft from the structural wall. The displacement on the front face of RCC wall panels and the structural wall is measured at three levels of top, middle and bottom. ANSYS AUTODYN software has been used to simulate the model. Analysis has been carried out to identify and study the weakness of existing arrangements. Literature was reviewed for suggesting an appropriate strengthening technique for existing structures against blast loading. It was found that in addition to existing strengthening techniques, use of steel strips is amongst the most feasible technique for strengthening existing structures. It not only significantly enhanced the blast performance of structures, but it also significantly reduced z-direction displacements and pressures. The results show that the use of steel strips as the improvement technique for already placed RCC wall panels can be effective against a blast loading of up to 100 kg TNT.

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Effect of soil–structure interaction on a masonry structure under train-induced vibrations

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Structural Identification of a 90 m High Minaret of a Landmark Structure under Ambient Vibrations

Structural Identification of a 90 m High Minaret of a Landmark Structure under Ambient Vibrations

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of School Buildings in Seismic Zone 4 of Pakistan

Blast Loading Response of Reinforced Concrete Panels Externally Reinforced with Steel Strips

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