Effect of soil texture, tailwater height, and pore‐water pressure on the morphodynamics of migrating headcuts in upland concentrated flows

Wells, Robert R.; Bennett, Sean J.; Alonso, Carlos

doi:10.1002/esp.1871

Cited by 56 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Six existing STC equations were evaluated using 22 runs (Table 1) included in the dataset compiled by Wells et al (2009a;2009b;2010) from flume experiments of gully headcut migration. All experiments were conducted in a 5-m long and 0.165-m wide, non-recirculating, tilting soil-hydraulic flume (Wells et al, 2010).…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All experiments were conducted in a 5-m long and 0.165-m wide, non-recirculating, tilting soil-hydraulic flume (Wells et al, 2010). This facility and procedures employed to apply rainfall and monitor runoff and erosion processes are described elsewhere (Wells et al, 2009a(Wells et al, , 2009b. Procedures pertinent to the current discussion are briefly described below.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soils used in this study include: Atwood sandy clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Paleudalfs) with 59% sand, 17% silt, and 24% clay; Dubbs silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs) with 21% sand, 62% silt, and 17% clay; and Ruston fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudults) with 74% sand, 5% silt, and 21% clay (Wells et al, 2009a(Wells et al, , 2009b(Wells et al, , 2010. Grain size distributions of the three soils tested are provided in Figure 1.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their research provided an extensive database comprising: headcut migration rate, plunge pool geometry, channel slope, upstream flow discharge, downstream sediment yield, and bed morphology. Wells et al (2009b;2010) extended this research to include the effects of tailwater elevation, pore-water pressure, and upstream sediment load. These datasets provide a platform to test new or future prediction technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper evaluates the performance of selected STC equations using a dataset obtained from flume experiments conducted at the USDA National Sedimentation Laboratory (e.g. Wells et al, 2009a;2009b;2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating sediment transport capacity relationships for use in ephemeral gully erosion models

et al. 2015

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On cropland, ephemeral gully erosion in the USA may contribute up to 40% of the sediment delivered to the edge of the field. Well-tested, physically-and process-based tools for field and watershed scale prediction of gully erosion are lacking due to the fact that the complex nature of migrating headcuts is poorly understood. Understanding sediment transport capacity downstream of migrating headcuts is essential, as sediment deposition often leads to temporary storage that controls downstream water elevation, which in turn affects the rate of headcut migration. Current process-based gully erosion prediction technology used by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is based on characterizing the headcut migration rate, which requires the deposition depth as input to the model. Alternatively, the deposition depth can be calculated if downstream sediment transport capacity can be predicted. Data collected at the ARSNational Sedimentation Laboratory were used to test existing sediment transport relationships for the five sediment size classes (clay, silt, sand, small aggregates, large aggregates) typically used in ARS soil erosion models. The results show that the transport rate can be satisfactorily predicted for sand and large aggregate size fractions using common transport relationships based on unit stream power theory. The fractional content of the sand and large aggregate size classes can be computed using standard relationships, which are based on soil texture, previously developed by ARS. The transport of clays, silts and small aggregates is detachment limited and must therefore be computed using improved soil detachment relationships for ephemeral gullies.

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Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evaluating sediment transport capacity relationships for use in ephemeral gully erosion models

et al. 2015

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Hydraulic properties of concentrated flow of a bank gully in the dry‐hot valley region of southwest China

Xiong

Dong

et al. 2015

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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To quantify spatiotemporal variation in hydraulic properties of bank gully concentrated flow, a series of scour experiments were run under water discharge rates ranging from 30 to 120 l min−1. Concentrated flows were found to be turbulent and supercritical in the upstream catchment area and downstream gully beds. As discharge increased, values of the soil erosion rate, Reynolds number (Re), shear stress, stream power, and flow energy consumption (ΔE) increased while values of the Froude number (Fr) and the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor (resistance f ) did not. With the exception of gully headcut collapse under discharge rates of 60, 90, and 120 l min−1, a declining power function trend (P < 0.05) in the soil erosion rate developed in the upstream catchment area, headcuts, and downstream gully beds. However, increasing trends were observed in temporal variations of hydraulic properties for downstream gully beds and the upstream catchment area. Despite significant differences in temporal variation between the soil erosion rate and hydraulic property values, relative steady state conditions of the soil erosion rate and ΔE were attained following an initial period of adjustment in the upstream catchment area, headcuts, and downstream gully beds under different discharge rates. A logarithmic growth of flow energy consumption per unit soil loss (ΔEu) was observed in bank gullies and the upstream catchment area as the experiment progressed, further illustrating the actual reason behind the discrepancy in temporal variation between soil erosion rates and ΔE. Results demonstrate that ΔE can be used to estimate headcut erosion soil loss, but further quantitative studies are required to quantify coupling effects between hydraulic properties and vertical variation in soil mechanical properties on temporal variation for bank gully soil erosion rates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Disaggregating soil erosion processes within an evolving experimental landscape

Momm

Wells

Bennett

2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

Self Cite

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Soil‐mantled landscapes subjected to rainfall, runoff events, and downstream base level adjustments will erode and evolve in time and space. Yet the precise mechanisms for soil erosion also will vary, and such variations may not be adequately captured by soil erosion prediction technology. This study sought to monitor erosion processes within an experimental landscape filled with packed homogenous soil, which was exogenically forced by rainfall and base level adjustments, and to define the temporal and spatial variation of the erosion regimes. Close‐range photogrammetry and terrain analysis were employed as the primary methods to discriminate these erosion regimes. Results show that (1) four distinct erosion regimes can be identified (raindrop impact, sheet flow, rill, and gully), and these regimes conformed to an expected trajectory of landscape evolution; (2) as the landscape evolved, the erosion regimes varied in areal coverage and in relative contribution to total sediment efflux measured at the outlet of the catchment; and (3) the sheet flow and rill erosion regimes dominated the contributions to total soil loss. Disaggregating the soil erosion processes greatly facilitated identifying and mapping each regime in time and space. Such information has important implications for improving soil erosion prediction technology, for assessing landscape degradation by soil erosion, for mapping regions vulnerable to future erosion, and for mitigating soil losses and managing soil resources. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Effect of soil texture, tailwater height, and pore‐water pressure on the morphodynamics of migrating headcuts in upland concentrated flows

Cited by 56 publications

References 30 publications

Evaluating sediment transport capacity relationships for use in ephemeral gully erosion models

Evaluating sediment transport capacity relationships for use in ephemeral gully erosion models

Hydraulic properties of concentrated flow of a bank gully in the dry‐hot valley region of southwest China

Disaggregating soil erosion processes within an evolving experimental landscape

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