Effect of source and amount of rumen-protected choline on hepatic metabolism during induction of fatty liver in dairy cows

Arshad, Usman; Husnain, A.; Poindexter, M.B.; Zimpel, R.; Perdomo, M.C.; Santos, J.E.P.

doi:10.3168/jds.2023-23270

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…When primary bovine hepatocytes were treated in vitro with increasing concentrations of choline chloride, from 0 to 4,528 μ M , the authors observed an increased secretion of VLDL in the medium [ 31 ], which is expected to minimize the risk of fatty acid re-esterification and deposition of triacylglycerol as fat droplets. Herein, increasing the intake of choline ion from 6.45 to 25.80 g/day linearly reduced the content of hepatic triacylglycerol, likely because of increased export as lipoproteins [ 31 , 32 ]. It is interesting that the changes in hepatic triacylglycerol content with supplemental RPC were observed independent of changes in plasma concentrations of fatty acids or β-hydroxybutyrate [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herein, increasing the intake of choline ion from 6.45 to 25.80 g/day linearly reduced the content of hepatic triacylglycerol, likely because of increased export as lipoproteins [31,32]. It is interesting that the changes in hepatic triacylglycerol content with supplemental RPC were observed independent of changes in plasma concentrations of fatty acids or β-hydroxybutyrate [7].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 92%

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Dose-dependent effects of rumen-protected choline on hepatic metabolism during induction of fatty liver in dry pregnant dairy cows

Arshad,

Zenobi,

Tribulo

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Objectives were to determine the effects of supplementing increasing amounts of choline ion on hepatic composition and mRNA abundance in pregnant dry cows subjected to a fatty liver induction protocol. Holstein cows (35 primiparous and 41 multiparous) at mean (± standard deviation) of 211 ± 9.9 days of gestation were blocked by body condition (3.59 ± 0.33) and assigned to receive 0, 6.45, 12.90, 19.35, and 25.80 g/day of choline ion as rumen-protected choline (RPC) as a top-dress for 14 days. Cows were fed for ad libitum intake on days 1 to 5 and restricted to 30% of the required net energy for lactation from days 6 to 14 of the experiment. Hepatic tissue was sampled on days 5 and 14 and analyzed for concentrations of triacylglycerol and glycogen, and mRNA abundance was investigated. Orthogonal contrasts evaluated the effects of supplementing RPC (0 g/day vs. rest), and the linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of increasing intake of choline ion from 6.45 to 25.80 g/day. Results are depicted in sequence of treatments from 0 to 25.8. During feed restriction, RPC reduced the concentration of hepatic triacylglycerol by 28.5% and increased that of glycogen by 26.1%, and the effect of increasing RPC intake on triacylglycerol was linear (6.67 vs. 5.45 vs. 4.68 vs. 5.13 vs. 3.81 ± 0.92% wet-basis). Feeding RPC during feed restriction increased abundance of transcripts involved in choline metabolism (CHKA, PLD1), synthesis of apolipoprotein-B100 (APOB100), and antioxidant activity (GPX3), and decreased the abundance of transcripts involved in hepatic lipogenesis (DGAT2, SREBF1) and acute phase response (SAA3). Most effects were linear with amount of choline fed. Changes in hepatic mRNA abundance followed a pattern of reduced lipogenesis and enhanced lipids export, which help explain the reduced hepatic triacylglycerol content in cows fed RPC. Choline exerts lipotropic effects in dairy cows by altering transcript pathways linked to hepatic lipids metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 92%

Dose-dependent effects of rumen-protected choline on hepatic metabolism during induction of fatty liver in dry pregnant dairy cows

Arshad,

Zenobi,

Tribulo

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Stanbio Laboratory) were analyzed in serum using a colorimetric enzymatic assays. Concentrations of haptoglobin in serum were measured according to Makimura and Suzuki (1982) as described in Arshad, Husnain, Poindexter, Zimpel, Perdomo, et al (2023).…”

Section: Analyses Of Feed and Fecal Samples After Fat Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rumen‐protected choline on fat digestibility and lymph metabolome in dairy cows

Arshad,

Zimpel,

Husnain

et al. 2024

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Objectives were to determine the effects of supplementing rumen‐protected choline (RPC) from an established source with low (L, 28.8%) or a prototype with less lipid coating protection and high (H, 60.0%) concentrations of choline chloride on digestibility of fat and supra‐mammary lymph metabolome in feed‐restricted cows. Pregnant, nonlactating Holstein cows (n = 33; 11/treatment) at mean (±standard deviation) 231 ± 4.7 days of gestation were blocked by body condition (4.23 ± 0.47) and assigned to receive 0 (CON) or 25.8 g/d of choline ion from L (L25.8) or H (H25.8). Cows were adapted to the diet and then fed‐restricted to 42% of the net energy of lactation required for maintenance and pregnancy for 9 days. Intake of metabolizable methionine was maintained at 19 g/d. On Day 9, cows were fed 450 g of saturated fatty acids (SFA), and feces and blood were sampled continuously for 24 h. Supra‐mammary lymph was sampled 6 h after feeding SFA and metabolome was characterized. Feeding RPC increased digestibility of fat (CON = 80.4 vs. RPC = 86.0 ± 1.9%) and reduced the concentration of haptoglobin in serum (CON = 174 vs. RPC = 77 ± 14 µg/ml) independent of source of RPC fed. Feeding RPC increased the concentrations of triacylglycerol in serum (CON = 15.1 vs. RPC = 17.8 ± 1.9 mg/dl) in feed‐restricted cows after feeding SFA, and the increment tended to be greater for cows fed H25.8 than L25.8. Supplementing RPC tended to increase the concentrations of triacylglycerol (CON = 11.4 vs. RPC = 15.8 ± 3.4 mg/dl) in supra‐mammary lymph. Feeding RPC increased the concentration of choline and affected the concentrations of analytes involved in metabolic pathways associated with amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis of phospholipids in lymph compared with CON. Feeding RPC, independent of source used, increased fat digestibility with some changes in lymph metabolome in cows under negative nutrient balance.

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“…Moreover, it is well known that ruminants possess a limited capacity to secrete very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the liver, which can hinder the export of hepatic triacylglycerols, ultimately resulting in hepatic lipidosis. However, the supplementation of 25.8 g/d of RPC has been found to significantly increase hepatic triacylglycerol secretion, thereby reducing the incidence of hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows [15,16]. Other studies have indicated that RPM can reduce the occurrence of subclinical hypocalcemia [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Metabolism and Milk Production Performance in Periparturient Dairy Cattle through Rumen-Protected Methionine and Choline Supplementation

Huang,

Khan,

Kou

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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For dairy cattle to perform well throughout and following lactations, precise dietary control during the periparturient phase is crucial. The primary issues experienced by periparturient dairy cows include issues like decreased dry matter intake (DMI), a negative energy balance, higher levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the ensuing inferior milk output. Dairy cattle have always been fed a diet high in crude protein (CP) to produce the most milk possible. Despite the vital function that dairy cows play in the conversion of dietary CP into milk, a sizeable percentage of nitrogen is inevitably expelled, which raises serious environmental concerns. To reduce nitrogen emissions and their production, lactating dairy cows must receive less CP supplementation. Supplementing dairy cattle with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) and choline (RPC) has proven to be a successful method for improving their ability to use nitrogen, regulate their metabolism, and produce milk. The detrimental effects of low dietary protein consumption on the milk yield, protein yield, and dry matter intake may be mitigated by these nutritional treatments. In metabolic activities like the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids and methylation reactions, RPM and RPC are crucial players. Methionine, a limiting amino acid, affects the production of milk protein and the success of lactation in general. According to the existing data in the literature, methionine supplementation has a favorable impact on the pathways that produce milk. Similarly, choline is essential for DNA methylation, cell membrane stability, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, RPC supplementation during the transition phase improves dry matter intake, postpartum milk yield, and fat-corrected milk (FCM) production. This review provides comprehensive insights into the roles of RPM and RPC in optimizing nitrogen utilization, metabolism, and enhancing milk production performance in periparturient dairy cattle, offering valuable strategies for sustainable dairy farming practices.

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Effect of source and amount of rumen-protected choline on hepatic metabolism during induction of fatty liver in dairy cows

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Dose-dependent effects of rumen-protected choline on hepatic metabolism during induction of fatty liver in dry pregnant dairy cows

Dose-dependent effects of rumen-protected choline on hepatic metabolism during induction of fatty liver in dry pregnant dairy cows

Effect of rumen‐protected choline on fat digestibility and lymph metabolome in dairy cows

Enhancing Metabolism and Milk Production Performance in Periparturient Dairy Cattle through Rumen-Protected Methionine and Choline Supplementation

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