Effect of source and load resistance on the performance of bistable lasers

Analysis of the effect of optical confinement factor on the distortion performance of gain lever laser diode

“…The photon density (S) in the laser diode is assumed to be uniform along the cavity. The rate equations for longer and shorter section carrier densities and photon density are given as [3][4][5][6]14], …”

“…Optical bistability and self pulsation are observed in the two section laser diode structures [3][4][5][6]. Improvement in optical modulation depth is also observed in such devices due to gain lever effect [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

A novel distortion reduction scheme for multiple quantum well gain lever laser diodes

“…A similar approach has been followed by Vahala et al [3], who reported the gain lever effect for the first time. The rate equations for the carrier densities N g and N a and the average photon density S in the two-section laser diode are as follows [10,11]:…”

“…The gain lever effect is an approach by which modulation efficiency can be improved in two-section MQW laser diodes [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Two-section laser diodes can exhibit bistability and a self-pulsation phenomenon, as well as the gain lever effect [10,11]. The optical gain lever effect was first analyzed by Vahala [3] in a two-section quantum well laser in which an external pump laser was used to modulate the carrier density.…”

Optical Transmission of OFDM Ultra-wideband Signals beyond 40 Gb/s (Invited Paper)

“…The VCSEL's well known advantages are following: low power consumption; high-speed modulation with low driving current; narrow circular beam for direct fiber coupling; low cost and small packaging capability; single longitudinal mode operation with vertical microcavity [9]. The operational characteristics of the directly modulated VCSEL are described by the rate equations for the photon density P (t), electron density N (t) and the phase φ (t) since the amplitude modulation in semiconductor lasers is accompanied by the phase modulation determined by the linewidth enhancement factor (LEF) α c [5], [10]- [13].…”