Effect of Source-Sink Manipulations on the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism of<i>Kalanchoë pinnata</i>

Mayoral, Maria Luisa; Medina, Ernesto; García, Víctor Jiménez

doi:10.1093/jxb/42.9.1123

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This can be achieved by growing plants at a constant relative rate of N supply in a controlled environment (Ingestad & Ågren 1992; Hellgren & Ingestad 1995). The importance of sink‐source balance at the whole‐plant level to developmental processes in the leaf has only recently been emphasized (Mayoral, Medina & Garcia 1991; Kovtun & Daie 1995). It is especially important in studies such as that reported here, which follow the developmental status of leaves over a period of several days, when significant changes in biomass take place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrogen deprivation on cell division and expansion in leaves of Ricinus communis L.

Roggatz

McDonald

Stadenberg

et al. 1999

Plant Cell & Environment

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The effects of nitrogen deprivation on leaf extension, cell numbers and epidermal cell size were followed in leaves of Ricinus communis L. The extent to which reductions in final cell number or final epidermal cell size contributed to the reduction in final leaf size depended on the developmental stage of the leaf at the time of N deprivation. In leaves which already had their full complement of cells (leaf 2), the reduction in final leaf size following nitrogen deprivation was associated with a reduction in final cell size. In leaves that were at earlier stages of development at the onset of N deprivation (leaves 3 and 4), the reduction in final leaf size was greater than in leaf 2. In these younger leaves, the final cell size was even smaller than in leaf 2, but the greatest contribution to reduced final leaf size was a reduction in the number of cells produced. This accounted for approximately 80% of the reduction in final leaf size in leaf 4. During leaf development, the contribution from different tissue layers to the total cell number changed. In the smallest leaf sizes, the contribution from upper and lower epidermis and spongy parenchyma was greater than that from palisade parenchyma. As the leaf size increased, cells in the palisade parenchyma continued to divide for longer than in the other layers. At final leaf size, the contribution from the different tissue layers to total cell number was the same for leaves 2, 3 and 4, irrespective of N treatment. In these final leaf structures, palisade parenchyma contributed 60% of the total cell number. Thus, although nitrogen deprivation affected leaf size variously through cell division and cell expansion, depending on leaf developmental stage at the time of nitrogen deprivation, the ratio of cell numbers and sizes in different tissue layers, at final leaf size, was unaffected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrogen deprivation on cell division and expansion in leaves of Ricinus communis L.

Roggatz

McDonald

Stadenberg

et al. 1999

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Acclimation to salinity and the induction of CAM in M. crystallinum necessitates a re-allocation of photosynthetically fixed carbon in order to fuel polyol accumulation and the dark reactions of CAM (Keiller, Paul & Cockburn 1987;Paul & Cockburn 1989). The dark reactions of CAM require elevated rates of starch degradation, which take precedence over export, particularly in juvenile leaves (Mayoral et al 1991;A. Dodd & A.M. Borland, unpublished).…”

Section: Enzymologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Crassulacean acid metabolism by water limitation

Cushman

Borland

2002

Plant Cell & Environment

141

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Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a key adaptation of photosynthetic carbon fixation to limited water availability, is characterized by nocturnal CO 2 fixation and daytime CO 2 re-assimilation, which generally results in improved wateruse efficiency. However, CAM plants display a remarkable degree of photosynthetic plasticity within a continuum of diel gas exchange patterns. Genotypic, ontogenetic and environmental factors combine to govern the extent to which CAM is expressed. The ecological diversity of CAM is mirrored by plasticity in a range of biochemical and physiological attributes. In C 3 /CAM-intermediate plants, limited water availability can induce or enhance the expression of CAM. CAM induction is controlled by a combination of transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory events. Early events in CAM induction point to a requirement for calcium and calcium-dependent protein kinase activities. Gene discovery efforts, improved transformation technologies and genetic models for CAM plants, coupled with detailed physiological investigations, will lead to new insights into the molecular genetic basis of induction processes and the circadian oscillator that governs carbon flux during CAM. Future integration of genomic, biochemical and physiological approaches in selected CAM models promise to provide a detailed view of the complex regulatory dynamics involved in CAM induction and modulation by water deficit. Such information is expected to have broad significance as the ecological and agricultural importance of CAM species increases in the face of global warming trends and the associated expansion of desertification in semi-arid regions around the world.

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“…Translocation of carbohydrates from photosynthesizing organs of CAM plants, as in plants with other modes of photosynthesis, depends on source-sink relationships, such as plant and organ age. Sink removal or girdling in Kalanchoe pinnata reduces CO 2 fixation (Mayoral et al ., 1991). studied the sink-to-source transition of cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica and noted that during development, nocturnal CO 2 uptake started early, when cladodes still were sinks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Translocation of carbohydrates from photosynthesizing organs of CAM plants, as in plants with other modes of photosynthesis, depends on source‐sink relationships, such as plant and organ age. Sink removal or girdling in Kalanchoe pinnata reduces CO 2 fixation (Mayoral et al ., 1991). Wang et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite gradients and carbohydrate translocation in rosette leaves of CAM and C3 bromeliads

et al. 2003

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Summary• The Bromeliaceae encompass predominantly rosette, terrestrial or epiphytic species, including C3 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic types within its three subfamilies. Here, leaf diurnal changes and longitudinal gradients of soluble sugars, organic acids and starch, were quantified to estimate the rates of carbohydrate translocation from mature leaves of C3 and CAM species.• Leaves of Ananas comosus , Aechmea fendleri , Bromelia humilis , Guzmania mucronata , Tillandsia fendleri , Tillandsia flexuosa and Tillandsia utriculata , were sampled at the base, middle, and upper sections during the day. We measured osmolality in sap from frozen subsamples, sugars and organic acids in hot-water extracts from microwave-dried subsamples, and starch hydrolysed with α -amylase or 1.1% HCl.• CAM activity was expressed by malate accumulation, citrate was present, but fluctuations were not significant. Nocturnal reductions in sucrose in bromelioid CAM species accounted for most of the acidification requirements. Tillandsioid CAM species used starch for acid synthesis. Both CAM and C3 bromeliads exported significant amounts of hexose during the night, particularly from the leaf base.• Leaf bases of CAM species showed lowest acid accumulation but similar or more positive δ 13 C-values to the active CAM sections. Exported carbohydrates probably derive from carbon fixed during the night period.

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Effect of Source-Sink Manipulations on the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ofKalanchoë pinnata

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of nitrogen deprivation on cell division and expansion in leaves of Ricinus communis L.

Effects of nitrogen deprivation on cell division and expansion in leaves of Ricinus communis L.

Induction of Crassulacean acid metabolism by water limitation

Metabolite gradients and carbohydrate translocation in rosette leaves of CAM and C3 bromeliads

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