“…After substantial progress in litter size was made, neonatal weight was observed to decrease (Škorjanc et al 2007, Wolf et al 2008, Beaulieu et al 2010, Douglas 2015, Hales et al 2015. This is associated with impaired growth and development of the mammalian embryo/fetus or its organs during pregnancy - IUGR (Wu et al 2004, Wang et al 2005, Rekiel et al 2014b). This phenomenon concerns not only multifetal and multiparous species, such as pigs, rabbits, mink, chinchillas, dogs, cats, mice or rats (Dzierżanowska et al 2014, Rekiel et al 2014b, Święcicka et al 2016, but also those giving birth to one or 2-3 young, such as sheep, goats, cattle, and horses (Wang et al 2005, Rekiel and.…”