Effect of Sowing Date, Seed Rate and Row Spacing on Productivity and Profitability of Barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em>) in North India

Abstract

The precise information regarding the date of sowing, seed rate and row spacing is critical for achieving yield targets and better economic returns of barley. Therefore here, we determined the information regarding the optimum date of sowing, seed rate, spacing and economic aspects for barley production. This study was conducted for three years, in north Indian plains. Early sowing date of barley (last week of October) recorded higher yield in comparison to late sown crop (3rd week of November). Moreover, the higher barley production proved more remunerative when sown early in the last week of October to the first week of November as compared to late sown the late sown crop. Furthermore, the enhanced seed rate of 10% then recommended did not affect the grain yield of barley. But, the closer spacing of 20 cm (row to row) produced higher grain yield (5.45 Mg ha-1 ) than the recommended spacing of 22.5 cm (5.30 Mg ha-1). Likewise, the economical parameters (net returns) were higher with 20 cm row spacing. Overall, this study determines the optimum date of sowing, seed rate and spacing for scoring better returns of barley crop under north Indian conditions.

Effect of Date of Sowing on Yield Attribute, Yield and Profitability of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh, India

“…It might be due to better genomics characters as well as better growth characteristics and yield attributes of the variety HD 2967 achieved under favorable climatic conditions. Similar findings were reported by Singh et al [30][31][32][33]27,34,35].…”

Seeding Rate and Nitrogen Fertilizer Level for Black Barley Under Rain-Fed Conditions

“…Results of seeding rate, nitrogen fertilizer level and their interaction on barley 1000-grain weight are shown in Table 6, where no significant effects were observed between seeding rates and nitrogen fertilizer levels. However, the interaction between (200 seeds m -2 × 0 kg N ha -1 ) and (300 seed m -2 × 0 kg N ha -1 ) also 300 seed m -2 × 40 kg N ha -1 significantly influenced 1000-grain weight with 37 g, while 300 seeds m -2 × 40 kg N ha -1 had the lowest value with 33.33 g. These results are similar to Al-Freeh et al (2015), and Amarjeet et al (2020), which report that 1000-grain weight did not affect barley seeding rates; also, the results of the present experiment are in accord with Dubey et al (2018 b), Terefe et al (2018) and Guddisa et al (2020) results, which found no significant influence of nitrogen fertilizer on barley 1000 grain weight.…”

Response of Some Barley Cultivars to Different Sowing Dates, N-Fertilizer and Seeding Rates

“…The desirable effect on earliness characters, growth characters and yields and its attributes of barley as a result of planting barley on 10 th December might be imputed to the suitable environmental conditions during this period which play a vigorous protagonist in activating establishment and development of plants, hence increasing plant elevation. Confirming these findings, Amarjeet et al (2020), Shivhare et al (2020), Abd El-Lattief et al (2021 and Moustafa et al (2021).…”

“…Delay in planting may results in low biomass production and poor grain development due to higher temperature conditions at the time of maturity (Abd El-Lattief et al, 2021). Amarjeet et al (2020) revealed that sowing barley in last week of October recorded higher yields in comparison to sowing in the 3 rd week of November. Shivhare et al (2020) found that sown barley on 15 th November recorded significantly higher grains number and weight per the spike, length of spike and 1000-grain weight over 5 th November and 25 th October sown.…”