Effect of soy isoflavone protein and soy lecithin on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women

Evans, Marian; Njike, Valentine Yanchou; Hoxley, Martha; M.D., M.P.H. Thomas Pearson; Katz, David L.

doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000227404.83686.1b

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The BARS procedure is designed to measure flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in the brachial artery as a percent of resting vessel diameter. Our methods have been published previously [20][21][22]. In brief, BARS was measured non-invasively in the right brachial artery using a high frequency ultrasound machine (Philips Medical Systems: Sonos 4500, Andover, MA).…”

Section: Endothelial Function Testing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adults

Njike

Faridi

Shuval

et al. 2011

International Journal of Cardiology

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115

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Section: Endothelial Function Testing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adults

Njike

Faridi

Shuval

et al. 2011

International Journal of Cardiology

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115

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“…Fourteen of the remaining 19 RCTs had a parallel design while five (Evans et al, 2007;Greany et al, 2004;McVeigh et al, 2006;Steinberg et al, 2003;Thorp et al, 2008) had a cross-over design. All subjects (n=1,947) who entered data analysis had normal or moderately elevated blood LDLcholesterol concentrations at baseline.…”

Section: Scientific Substantiation Of the Claimed Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…inadequate handling or no consideration of missing data, repeated measures and/or multiple comparisons not taken into account), and that power calculations were only performed in three studies (Crouse et al, 1999;KreijkampKaspers et al, 2004;Radhakrishnan et al, 2009). The Panel also notes that group analyses, which were not pre-planned, were performed in one study (Greany et al, 2004), and that post-hoc analyses, despite the lack of a treatment effect assessed by analysis of variance, were conducted in two other studies (Evans et al, 2007;Hoie et al, 2007). The Panel considers that no conclusions can be drawn from these secondary analyses for the scientific substantiation of the claim.…”

Section: Scientific Substantiation Of the Claimed Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen of the 19 RCTs reported no significant effect of ISP on blood LDL (Allen et al, 2007;Evans et al, 2007;Greany et al, 2004;Hoie et al, 2007;Kreijkamp-Kaspers et al, 2004;Maesta et al, 2007;McVeigh et al, 2006;Santo et al, 2008;Steinberg et al, 2003;Teede et al, 2001;Teede et al, 2005;Thorp et al, 2008;Van Horn et al, 2001) or on non-HDL (Sagara et al, 2003) cholesterol concentrations relative to controls. These studies together considered 1,520 subjects for data analysis (9-98 subjects per group/period) and provided 20 to 40 g per day of ISP for four weeks to 12 months.…”

Section: Scientific Substantiation Of the Claimed Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies were small (around 10 subjects per group) and possibly underpowered to detect moderate changes in blood cholesterol concentrations (Maesta et al, 2007;Santo et al, 2008). The Panel notes that there was a general lack of information on the statistical methodology applied in the five cross-over studies (Evans et al, 2007;Greany et al, 2004;McVeigh et al, 2006;Steinberg et al, 2003;Thorp et al, 2008), which did not allow an assessment of the appropriateness of the statistical analysis performed in each of these studies.…”

Section: Scientific Substantiation Of the Claimed Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to isolated soy protein and reduction of blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Products¹

2012

EFSA Journal

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Following an application from the European Natural Soyfood Manufacturers Association (ENSA), the European Vegetable Protein Federation (EUVEPRO) and the Soya Protein Association (SPA), submitted pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924 via the Competent Authority of Belgium, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to isolated soy protein (ISP) and reduction of blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations, referring to disease risk reduction. The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim, ISP (as defined by the applicant), is sufficiently characterised in relation to the claimed effect. A reduction of blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations is a beneficial physiological effect. A reduction in blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations reduces the risk of CHD. In weighing the evidence, the Panel took into account that under similar conditions four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reported an effect of ISP on blood LDL/non-HDL cholesterol concentrations, whereas 14 RCTs did not report such an effect, and another RCT showed no consistent effects. The Panel also took into account that most of these RCTs were at high risk of bias, that differences in the results obtained between trials appear unrelated to the dose of ISP used, to sample size or to study duration, and that the evidence provided in support of a possible mechanism was not convincing. A cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of ISP (as defined by the applicant) and a reduction in blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations. The scope of the application was proposed to fall under a health claim referring to disease risk reduction. © European FoodThe food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is "protein-rich soybean component with limited quantities of macro-and micronutrients", which upon a request from EFSA was further defined by the applicant as ISP. The Panel considers that ISP (as defined by the applicant) is sufficiently characterised in relation to the claimed effect.The claimed effect is "reduction of total and LDL-cholesterol in healthy subjects with normal or mildly elevated blood cholesterol; a reduction of total and LDL cholesterol has been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease". The target population proposed by the applicant is healthy subjects with normal or mildly elevated blood cholesterol levels. The Panel considers that reduction of blood LDLcholesterol concentrations is a beneficial physiological effect. A reduction in blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations reduces the risk of CHD.The applicant identified 23 RCTs, which used ISP and one RCT which used the water insoluble fraction of a partially hydrolysed soy protein as interventions for the scientific substantiation of the claim, and presented an unpublished meta-analysis of 23 of these 24 RCTs. In addition, six RCTs, which used whole soy foods, and eight observational studies were provided as well as one animal a...

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Review article: health benefits of some physiologically active ingredients and their suitability as yoghurt fortifiers

Fayed

2014

J Food Sci Technol

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The article is concerned with health benefits of two main physiologically active ingredients namely, Isoflavones and γ-Aminobutyric acid, with emphasis on their fitness for fortification of yoghurt to be consumed as a functional food. Isoflavones (ISO) are part of the diphenol compounds, called "phytoestrogens," which are structurally and functionally similar to estradiol, the human estrogen, but much less potent. Because of this similarity, ISO were suggested to have preventive effects for many kinds of hormone-dependent diseases. In nature, ISO usually occur as glycosides and, once deconjugated by the intestinal microflora, the ISO can be absorbed into the blood. At present, it seems convincing their possible protective actions against various cancers, osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms and high levels of blood cholesterol as well as the epidemiological evidence. Γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), it is an amino acid that has long been reported to lower blood pressure by intravenous administration in experimental animals and in human subjects. GABA is present in many vegetables and fruits but not in dairy products. GABA was reported to lower blood pressure in people with mild hypertension. It was suggested that low-dose oral GABA has a hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive. Yoghurt beyond its ability to be probiotic food via its culturing with the gut strains, it could further carry more healthy benefits when it was fortified with physiological active ingredients, especially GABA versus ISO preferring, whether, bacteriologically or biochemically, a fortification level of 50 mg ISO/kg or 200 mg GABA/kg.

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Effect of soy isoflavone protein and soy lecithin on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women

Abstract: In this sample of healthy postmenopausal women, soy isoflavone protein and soy lecithin significantly improved the lipid profile. A favorable influence on endothelial function could not be confirmed.

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adults

Effects of sugar-sweetened and sugar-free cocoa on endothelial function in overweight adults

Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to isolated soy protein and reduction of blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Review article: health benefits of some physiologically active ingredients and their suitability as yoghurt fortifiers

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