Effect of Spark Ignition Timing and Water Injection Temperature on the Knock Combustion of a GDI Engine

Li, Aqian; Zheng, Zhimin

doi:10.3390/en13184931

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Against the cost-effectiveness of diesel fuel emulsification, concerns about the right W/D ratio, and more importantly, the inherent engine power loss, component corrosion, seal damage, and other injection system problems associated with the practice, still remain [15][16][17]. Although some may argue otherwise, the compelling yet contradictory arguments only further motivated this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Water-Induced Damage Severity on Diesel Engine Injection System Using Emulsified Diesel Fuels

2021

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Diesel engine emissions contribute nearly 30% of greenhouse effects and diverse health and environmental problems. Amidst these problems, it is estimated that there will be a 75% increase in energy demand for transportation by 2040, of which diesel fuel constitutes a major source of energy for transportation. Being a major source of air pollution, efforts are currently being made to curb the pollution spread. The use of water-in-diesel (W/D)-emulsified fuels comes as a readily available (and cost-effective) option with other benefits including engine thermal efficiency, reduced costs, and NOx reduction; nonetheless, the inherent effects—power loss, component wear, corrosion, etc. still pose strong concerns. This study investigates the behavior and damage severity of a common rail (CR) diesel fuel injection system using exploratory and statistical methods under different W/D emulsion conditions and engine speeds. Results reveal that the effect of W/D emulsion fuels on engine operating conditions are reflected in the CR, which provides a reliable avenue for condition monitoring. Also, the effect of W/D emulsion on injection system components-piston, nozzle needle, and ball seat–are presented alongside related discussions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Water-Induced Damage Severity on Diesel Engine Injection System Using Emulsified Diesel Fuels

2021

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“…3,7 Several studies investigated the potential reasons for knocking phenomena, such as fuel properties, [8][9][10] airfuel ratio, 7,11,12 number of ignition sites and timing, [13][14][15][16] combustion chamber shape, carbon deposits, 2,3 and boundary temperature, 17 etc. In the last decades, many strategies have been observed to suppress the knock inside the chamber, such as water injection, 18,19 fuel stratification 2,20, octane on demand, [21][22][23] and spark limited knock, [24][25][26] etc. However, most of these technologies have constrained engine performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical study of knocking phenomenon in a spark-ignition engine by using high-speed OH* chemiluminescence imaging: A multiple ignition sites approach

Uddeen

Shi

Tang

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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Knock in a spark-ignition (SI) engine is a complicated combustion phenomenon that stimulates high-pressure oscillations inside the combustion chamber and restricts engine performance. This study presents a high-speed OH* chemiluminescence imaging technique to investigate the knock mechanism resulting from firing multiple spark plugs. The experiment was performed using a customized liner having three spark plugs installed at equal spacing, and to compare the results with conventional SI conditions, in which one spark plug was mounted at the center of the cylinder head. In addition, multiple pressure transducers were used at various locations to record the frequencies induced by the pressure oscillations inside the cylinder during knocking events. The results showed that firing a single central spark plug generated mild knock with late combustion phasing and lower power output. However, adding more spark plugs could advance the initiation of autoignition and produce higher knock intensity along with lower combustion duration for the same operating conditions. Additionally, a weak OH* chemiluminescence intensity oscillation was monitored before the autoignition of the unburned charge occurred. The crank angle location of peak OH* intensity and peak HRR showed a good linear curve fit with a positive slope. Furthermore, the larger amount of unburned mass fraction produced stronger pressure waves due to multiple autoignition sites, and the unburned mass fraction exhibited a good linear relationship with unburned temperature and end-gas area at the knock onset point. Moreover, the frequency spectrum recorded by the multiple pressure sensors illustrated that in the case of a single central spark plug only circumferential acoustic waves were formed with low power intensity. However, multiple ignition sites promoted both circumferential and radial pressure waves inside the combustion chamber because of multiple autoignitions occurring both near the center and cylinder wall.

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“…This is because the physio-chemical properties of emulsion fuels disfavours NOx, CO, and PM productionthe major pollution-causing compounds. Nonetheless, the composition percentage of water by volume of diesel should be kept in check to avoid engine power losses, component corrosion, seal damage, and other injection system problems [8][9][10]. Consequently, there is a need for accurate condition monitoring methods for emulsified diesel fuel engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Explainable DL-Based Condition Monitoring Framework for Water-Emulsified Diesel CR Systems

Akpudo

Hur

2021

Electronics

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Despite global patronage, diesel engines still contribute significantly to urban air pollution, and with the ongoing campaign for green automobiles, there is an increasing demand for controlling/monitoring the pollution severity of diesel engines especially in heavy-duty industries. Emulsified diesel fuels provide a readily available solution to engine pollution; however, the inherent reduction in engine power, component corrosion, and/or damage poses a major concern for global adoption. Notwithstanding, on-going investigations suggest the need for reliable condition monitoring frameworks to accurately monitor/control the water-diesel emulsion compositions for inevitable cases. This study proposes the use of common rail (CR) pressure differentials and a deep one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) with the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) for empirical diagnostic evaluations (and validations) using a KIA Sorento 2004 four-cylinder line engine as a case study. CR pressure signals were digitally extracted at various water-in-diesel emulsion compositions at various engine RPMs, pre-processed, and used for necessary transient and spectral analysis, and empirical validations. Results reveal high model trustworthiness with an average validation accuracy of 95.9%.

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Effect of Spark Ignition Timing and Water Injection Temperature on the Knock Combustion of a GDI Engine

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

A Study on Water-Induced Damage Severity on Diesel Engine Injection System Using Emulsified Diesel Fuels

A Study on Water-Induced Damage Severity on Diesel Engine Injection System Using Emulsified Diesel Fuels

Optical study of knocking phenomenon in a spark-ignition engine by using high-speed OH* chemiluminescence imaging: A multiple ignition sites approach

An Explainable DL-Based Condition Monitoring Framework for Water-Emulsified Diesel CR Systems

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