Effect of specific amino acids on hepatic lipid metabolism in fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Citrulline and Nonessential Amino Acids Prevent Fructose-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats

“…Therefore, Cit may be able to restore hepatic energy metabolism, which plays a major role in the development of NAFLD. We previously showed in shortterm experiments (4-wk fructose feeding) that Cit was associated with decreased fat accumulation and normalized plasma TGs (19). However, our results did not enable us to discriminate between a nonspecific effect of increased AA supply and a specific effect of Cit.…”

“…Twenty-two rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 4-6 rats per group) and received for 8 wk either the control diet supplemented with NEAAs (alanine, glycine, proline, aspartate, histidine, and serine) (CNEAA group) or a 60% fructose-enriched diet, either alone (F group) or with NEAAs (FNEAA group), or Cit (FCit group) (composition of the diets are given in Supplemental Tables 1-3). Given that in previous experiments from our team control diets supplemented with NEAAs or Cit had metabolic and nutritional effects similar to the control diet alone (17,19), we opted to include only the CNEAA group to limit the number of animals used. In the FCit group, Cit was given at 1 g Á kg 21 Á d 21 .…”

Oral Glutamine Supplementation Protects Female Mice from Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

“…These data suggest that the protective effects found in the present study did not primarily result from an effect of the amino acid on intestinal barrier function. Differences between our results and those of others might have resulted from differences in animal models (e.g., models of inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal infections, and mucositis vs. models of WSD-induced NAFLD) as well as the amount of Gln supplemented (here, 2.1 g/kg vs. 4.4% wt:wt or 450 mg/kg) and differences between species (e.g., mice vs. rats) (13,(33)(34)(35).…”

“…In addition, Gln has been suggested to regulate inflammatory processes and innate immune response, probably at least in part through modulating levels of glutathione and antioxidant defense systems (11,12). Furthermore, results of animal studies that used models of diet-induced NAFLD and alcohol-induced liver diseases suggested that oral supplementation of Gln may have protective effects on the development of these types of liver diseases (13). In these studies, protective effects on the liver were associated with protection against alterations of glutathione concentrations, the activation of hepatic NF-kB, and the induction of TNF-a expression (14,15).…”

<small>L</small>-Lysine Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 Mice

“…Several amino acids have been reported to show beneficial effects in the treatment of hepatic steatosis (9)(10)(11), and L-lysine (Lys) is known to regulate lipid metabolism in the liver (12,13). However, there is no study which investigated the underlying mechanisms in the effect of Lys on the hepatic lipid metabolism.…”