Effect of sperm concentration and sperm ageing on fertilisation success in the Antarctic soft-shelled clam Laternula elliptica and the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna

Powell, Dawn K.; Tyler, Paul A.; Peck, Lloyd S.

doi:10.3354/meps215191

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Much work has been conducted on the limpet N. concinna in many different fields ranging from growth kinetics (Peck et al 1996;Clarke et al 2004), colonisation processes (Bowden et al 2006), metabolic responses to feeding (Peck and Veal 2001), fertilisation kinetics (Powell et al 2001), nitrogen excretion (Clarke et al 1994), protein metabolism (Fraser et al 2007) and antioxidant production (Malanga et al 2005) to population genetics (Hoffman et al, in review) and thermal sensitivity studies (Peck et al 2004;Clark et al 2008a, b). Given this comprehensive knowledge and the fledgling molecular work on this species, N. concinna is probably the best candidate so far for an Antarctic model organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triggers of the HSP70 stress response: environmental responses and laboratory manipulation in an Antarctic marine invertebrate (Nacella concinna)

Clark

Peck

2009

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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The Antarctic limpet, Nacella concinna, exhibits the classical heat shock response, with up-regulation of duplicated forms of the inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene in response to experimental manipulation of seawater temperatures. However, this response only occurs in the laboratory at temperatures well in excess of any experienced in the field. Subsequent environmental sampling of inter-tidal animals also showed up-regulation of these genes, but at temperature thresholds much lower than those required to elicit a response in the laboratory. It was hypothesised that this was a reflection of the complexity of the stresses encountered in the inter-tidal region. Here, we describe a further series of experiments comprising both laboratory manipulation and environmental sampling of N. concinna. We investigate the expression of HSP70 gene family members (HSP70A, HSP70B, GRP78 and HSC70) in response to a further suite of environmental stressors: seasonal and experimental cold, freshwater, desiccation, chronic heat and periodic emersion. Lowered temperatures (−1.9°C and −1.6°C), generally produced a downregulation of all HSP70 family members, with some upregulation of HSC70 when emerging from the winter period and increasing sea temperatures. There was no significant response to freshwater immersion. In response to acute and chronic heat treatments plus simulated tidal cycles, the data showed a clear pattern. HSP70A showed a strong but very short-term response to heat whilst the duplicated HSP70B also showed heat to be a trigger, but had a more sustained response to complex stresses. GRP78 expression indicates that it was acting as a generalised stress response under the experimental conditions described here. HSC70 was the major chaperone invoked in response to long-term stresses of varying types. These results provide intriguing clues not only to the complexity of HSP70 gene expression in response to environmental change but also insights into the stress response of a non-model species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triggers of the HSP70 stress response: environmental responses and laboratory manipulation in an Antarctic marine invertebrate (Nacella concinna)

Clark

Peck

2009

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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“…In the ascidians Ciona intestinalis and Ascidiella aspersa sperm activity lasts for >12 hours (Bolton and Havenhand, 1996). Sperm are capable of fertilizing fresh ova for 65 hours in Nacella concinna and for >90 hours in Laternula elliptica (Powell et al, 2001), the longest reported sperm longevity. However, sperm longevity may not be directly comparable for different species because it can be extended when sperm is kept at higher concentration (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sperm concentration had a significant effect on fertilization rate in G. caespitosa, which is not surprising since fertilization success in free-spawning invertebrates has been invariably reported to be highly dependent on sperm concentration (e.g. Pennington, 1985Benzie and Dixon, 1994: asteroids;Gruffydd and Beaumount, 1970, Sprung and Bayne, 1984, Andre and Lindegarth, 1995, Styan and Butler, 2000, Powell et al, 2001Babcock and Keesing, 1999: gastropods;Williams et al, 1997, Williams andBentley, 2002: polychaetes;Brown and Knouse, 1973: chelicerates;Yund, 1990: hydroids;Oliver and Babcock, 1992: corals).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A decline in fertilization success at high sperm concentrations may also be attributable to oxygen depletion by gametes resulting in death of embryos (Powell et al, 2001). This is likely to occur when high concentration of gametes is maintained for a reasonably long time (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar rates were only reported for the soft-shelled clam Laternula elliptica (>10 7 sperm ml -1 ) and for the limpet Nacella concinna (10 6 -10 8 sperm ml -1 ). Like G. caespitosa, these molluscs exhibited extremely low fertilization rates at concentrations ≤10 6 sperm ml -1 (Powell et al, 2001). At the high sperm concentrations such as those needed for successful fertilizations in G. caespitosa, many marine invertebrates show a sharp decline in fertilization rates (Oliver and Babcock, 1992;Sprung and Bayne, 1984;Clavier, 1992;Desrosiers et al, 1996;Styan and Butler, 2000) which is taken as indicative of polyspermy (Styan, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fertilization success in <i>Galeolaria caespitosa</i> (Polychaeta: Serpillidae): gamete characteristics, role of sperm dilution, gamete age, and contact time

Kupriyanova¹

2006

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: Variability in gamete traits and the factors affecting fertilization success were studied in a common gregarious broadcast-spawning serpulid polychaete Galeolaria caespitosa. Variability of egg size and sperm velocity were not related to the adult size. High sperm concentrations (10 7 -10 8 sperm. ml -1 ) were required to achieve fertilization rates of 60-80%. The gamete contact time required to achieve high fertilization rates (70-80%) in G. caespitosa did not exceed 5 minutes of gamete exposure given sufficiently high sperm concentrations. This suggests that attachment of sperm to the egg takes place very rapidly, and a short-term exposure to highly concentrated sperm is a common feature of fertilization ecology of this gregarious species. A sharp decline in fertilization rates at high sperm concentrations usually attributable to polyspermy was not observed. Sperm were motile for up to 6 hours after activation; however, swimming velocity and fertilization success decreased after 2 hours. Eggs of G. caespitosa were fertilizable up to 10 hours after spawning, but the number of embryos resulting from fertilizations by fresh sperm decreased after 2 hours. The gamete traits of G. caespitosa appear to have evolved to enable this sessile organism to reproduce under conditions of high population density and increased risk of polyspermy.Keywords: Galeolaria caespitosa, Serpulidae, Polychaeta, egg size, gamete longevity, sperm behaviour, fertilization success, gamete concentration and age. -La variabilidad de los gametos y los factores que afectan el éxito en la fertilización han sido estudiados en una especie gregaria común, el serpúli-do Galeolaria caespitosa. La variabilidad encontrada para el tamaño de los huevos y la velocidad del esperma no estuvo relacionada con el tamaño de los adultos. Elevadas concentraciones de esperma (10 7 -10 8 esperma ml -1 ) se necesitaron para alcanzar ratios de fertilización del 60-80%. El tiempo de contacto de los gametos que se necesitó para alcanzar elevados ratios de fertilización (70-80%) en G. Caespitosa no excedió los 5 minutos si se daban suficientes concentraciones de esperma. Ello sugiere que la adhesión del esperma a los huevos se realiza muy rápidamente y una pequeña exposición en cantidades de esperma suficiente es algo común en esta especie gregaria de poliqueto. Un rápido declive de los ratios de fertilización cuando hay grandes concentraciones de esperma atribuible a poliespermia no fue observada. El esperma se mantuvo con movilidad 6 horas después de su activación, sin embargo, la velocidad de desplazamiento y el éxito de la fertilización decrecieron pasadas las 2 primeras horas. Huevos de G. caespitosa fueron fecundados 10 horas después de la puesta pero el número de embriones obtenido de la fertilización decreció después de las primeras 2 horas. Los gametos de G. caespitosa parecen haber evolucionado para proporcionar a este organismo sésil la capacidad de reproducirse en condiciones de elevada densidad poblacional y riesgo elevado de poliespermia.Palabras c...

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Characterization of Albanian water frog, Pelophylax shqipericus, sperm traits and morphology, by using phase contrast microscopy

Turani

Aliko

Shkembi³

2019

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Mature spermatozoa traits and morphology of endangered Albanian water frog, Pelophylax shqipericus, have been characterized for the first time through phase contrast microscopy, as part of successful implementation of in vitro fertilization technique for this species. The basic morphology of P. shqipericus spermatozoa consists of an elongated, thick, smooth‐edged, and solid‐staining head, continuing with a thin and long tail which usually extends 2.48 times the head length. The acrosome was not clearly discernible so the measurements were done on the head as a whole, while the middle section was better visible. Average length of head, including the acrosome and midsection was estimated to be 11.78 μm ± 0.32, while the tail length resulted 29.24 ± 1.75 μm. The average thickness of the head was shown to be 3.45 μm. The total sperm length resulted to be 41.02 ± 1.83 μm. The average sperm concentration was estimated of 25.5 × 106/ml. Sperm amount, survival rate and motility were also measured. The sperm survival rate was maximal immediately after preparation of the suspension and tended to decrease over time of storage, reaching 50% after 72 hr. Decreased sperm motility seemed to follow the same trend as sperm viability. Sperm traits resulted to be very similar both in size and in shape with those of “Lessonae” frog group, one of the lineages of Western Palearctic species complex, suggesting a strong phylogenetic relationship among these species.

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Effect of sperm concentration and sperm ageing on fertilisation success in the Antarctic soft-shelled clam Laternula elliptica and the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

Triggers of the HSP70 stress response: environmental responses and laboratory manipulation in an Antarctic marine invertebrate (Nacella concinna)

Triggers of the HSP70 stress response: environmental responses and laboratory manipulation in an Antarctic marine invertebrate (Nacella concinna)

Fertilization success in <i>Galeolaria caespitosa</i> (Polychaeta: Serpillidae): gamete characteristics, role of sperm dilution, gamete age, and contact time

Characterization of Albanian water frog, Pelophylax shqipericus, sperm traits and morphology, by using phase contrast microscopy

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