Effect of sphingosine on rat glial cells: inhibition of prostaglandin E2 and insensitivity of nitric oxide generation

Boneh, Avihu; Hochman-Meyuchas, Ronit; Sicsic, Camille; Brenner, Talma

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00454-0

Neuroscience Letters

1997

DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00454-0

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Effect of sphingosine on rat glial cells: inhibition of prostaglandin E2 and insensitivity of nitric oxide generation

Avihu Boneh

Ronit Hochman-Meyuchas

Camille Sicsic

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…Glial cells are assumed to be an important source of PGs in the CNS, 10) which are similar to macrophages in that they may be activated by bacterial endotoxin and/or cytokines to produce PGE 2 in the CNS. [11][12][13] Prostanoids, arachidonic acid metabolites produced from a variety of inflammatory cells upon stimulation, are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diseases. Prostanoid synthesis is regulated by two successive metabolic steps, the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A 2 and its conversion to prostanoids by cyclooxygenase.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effect of Mao-Bushi-Saishin-to on Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis in C6 Rat Glioma Cells

Kamiyama

Oda

Nakahata

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The Kampo medicine Mao-Bushi-Saishin-to (Ma-HuangFu-Zi-Xi-Xin-Tang in Chinese: MBS) is containing three herbal constituents of Mao (Ephedra herb), Bushi (Aconiti tuber) and Saishin (Asiasarum root), in a ratio of 4 : 1 : 3, and has long been prescribed the treatment of various inflammetry disease.1) MBS has been reported to be effective for the treatment of various symptoms of cold, especially nasal congestion and for seasonal allergic rhinitis.2,3) Recently, Ikeda et al., described the anti-allergic mechanism of MBS treated in long-period, 4) whereas acute effect of MBS is also reported. 5,6) In the previous report, we have demonstrated that Mao increased the cAMP content in RBL-2H3 cell and this effect account for its inhibitory effect on histamine-release and thus, the inhibitory effect on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis of MBS. 6) In the brain, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) levels are very low or undetectable in normal conditions, but can rise during inflammatory processes, multiple sclerosis, and AIDS-associated dementia. 7,8) High levels of PGE 2 can affect the activities of several cell types, including neurons, glial, and endothelial cells, and can regulate microglia/macrophage and lymphocyte functions during inflammatory and immune processes.9) Therefore, the interplay between PGE 2 and other local factors, including pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, is likely to influence the outcome of inflammatory and immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Glial cells are assumed to be an important source of PGs in the CNS, 10) which are similar to macrophages in that they may be activated by bacterial endotoxin and/or cytokines to produce PGE 2 in the CNS. [11][12][13] Prostanoids, arachidonic acid metabolites produced from a variety of inflammatory cells upon stimulation, are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diseases. Prostanoid synthesis is regulated by two successive metabolic steps, the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A 2 and its conversion to prostanoids by cyclooxygenase.14,15) Cytosolic PLA 2 (cPLA 2 ) is a ubiquitously distributed 85-kDa enzyme, the activation of which is tightly regulated by postreceptor transmembrane signaling. [16][17][18] cPLA 2 is activated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 when cytosolic Ca 2ϩ concentrations are in the submicromolar or micromolar range. 19,20) It has been shown that glial cells express neurotransmitter receptors, including H 1 histaminergic receptor, 21) which are coupled to intracellular Ca 2ϩ mobilization, resulting activation of cPLA 2 . For the present studies we used rat C6 glioma cells because they are derived from astrocytes and express many astrocytic properties in culture. 22)Cyclic AMP can inhibit the ERK pathway in C6 glioma cells. 23,24) Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that baicalein, a flavonoid contained in Scutellaria root, inhibited prostaglandin E 2 synthesis and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in C6 rat glioma cells.25) Therefore, in this report, we have stud...

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confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effect of Mao-Bushi-Saishin-to on Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis in C6 Rat Glioma Cells

Kamiyama

Oda

Nakahata

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Sphingosine inhibits nitric oxide synthase from cerebellar granule cellsdifferentiated in vitro

et al. 1999

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The effects of different bioactive sphingoid molecules on NOS activity of differentiated cerebellar granule cells were investigated by measuring the conversion of [3Hlarginine to [3H]citruUine. Cytosolic Ca2+-dependent NOS activity was strongly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by sphingosine in concentrations of 1-40 gM. This inhibition seems to be peculiar to sphingosine in that ceramide, N-acetylsphingosine, sphingosine-lP, sphinganine and tetradecylamine have no effect on the cytosolic enzyme at the considered concentrations, suggesting that it is the bulk of the sphingosine hydrophilic portion that is critical for cytosolic NOS inhibition. This inhibition of cytosolic NOS is not reversed by increasing the arginine concentration, so a competitive mechanism can be excluded. Instead, increasing the concentrations of calmodulin led to loss of sphingosine inhibition, suggesting that sphingosine interferes with the calmodulin-dependent activation of the enzyme by a competitive mechanism. Sphingosine and related compounds had no effect on the particulate Ca2+-independent NOS activity. The data obtained suggest that sphingosine could be involved in the regulation of NO production in neurons.

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Taurine chloramine inhibits production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in activated C6 glioma cells by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression

Liu

Tonna-DeMasi

Park

et al. 1998

Molecular Brain Research

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Effect of sphingosine on rat glial cells: inhibition of prostaglandin E2 and insensitivity of nitric oxide generation

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Inhibitory Effect of Mao-Bushi-Saishin-to on Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis in C6 Rat Glioma Cells

Inhibitory Effect of Mao-Bushi-Saishin-to on Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis in C6 Rat Glioma Cells

Sphingosine inhibits nitric oxide synthase from cerebellar granule cellsdifferentiated in vitro

Taurine chloramine inhibits production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in activated C6 glioma cells by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression

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