Effect of Spinosad Resistance on Transmission of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus by the Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Abstract

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is transmitted by Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) in a persistent-propagative manner. We previously observed significant results in terms of feeding behavior of spinosad-susceptible (Ivf03) and -resistant (Spin-R) strains of F. occidentalis using electrical penetration graph. TSWV transmission by the two strains was compared in the present study. The results showed that the titer of TSWV-N RNA (a part of S RNA of TSWV and encoding the nucleocapsid protein) in Ivf03 and Spin-R strains was not significantly different after a 48-h inoculation access period. The TSWV transmission rate did not significantly differ between the two strains and was 51.0% for Ivf03 and 44.4% for Spin-R. The virus transmission rate was significantly higher for males than females of both strains. The virus transmission rate for males and females of Ivf03 was 68.1 and 33.8%, respectively; however, in case of Spin-R, it was 60 and 28.8% for males and females, respectively. Additionally, number of probes and duration of probes were generally greater for viruliferous females of Ivf03 than for viruliferous females of Spin-R but the total number and duration of noningestion probes did not significantly differ between males of the two strains. The latter finding behavior may help explain the similar transmission rates for the susceptible and resistant strains.

Persistently Transmitted Viruses Restrict the Transmission of Other Viruses by Affecting Their Vectors

“…Although B. tabaci Q cannot transmit TSWV ( Zhao et al, 2015 ), we showed in this study that it can acquire and retain TSWV. In the interaction between TSWV, B. tabaci Q, and host plants, it follows that any effects of TSWV on B. tabaci Q are direct, i.e., do not result from the changes in the host plant that could occur following TSWV transmission.…”

“…TSWV also can enhance the fitness of F. occidentalis ( Maris et al, 2004 ). Unlike TYLCV, TSWV is not transmitted by B. tabaci ( Zhao et al, 2015 ). Similarly, TYLCV is not transmitted by F. occidentalis .…”

Invasion biology, ecology, and management of Frankliniella occidentalis in China

“…WFT is the most common and efficient vector of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which can result in serious disease of hundreds of species of vegetables and ornamentals (Moyer, ; Reitz & Funderburk, ). In spite of TSWV being first isolated from peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) in Guangdong province in 1984 (Z. Y. Xu, Zhang, & Chen, ), TSWV has rapidly spread in China following WFT's invasion and spread over the last 10 years (X. F. Cheng, Dong, & Fang, ; F. Li et al, ; Zhao et al, ). WFT fitness was elevated or at least maintained normal status, after feeding on TSWV‐infected host plants compared with healthier ones (Zhu, Zhang, & Lv, ).…”

“…WFT fitness was elevated or at least maintained normal status, after feeding on TSWV‐infected host plants compared with healthier ones (Zhu, Zhang, & Lv, ). Gender asymmetry was also observed as TSWV transmission rates of males were significantly higher than females (Zhao et al, ). This phenomenon could explain the differences in the feeding behavior between male and female WFT (Zhao et al, ).…”

“…Gender asymmetry was also observed as TSWV transmission rates of males were significantly higher than females (Zhao et al, ). This phenomenon could explain the differences in the feeding behavior between male and female WFT (Zhao et al, ). Major findings of WFT invasion biology and ecology in China are summarized in Table .…”