Effect of Squeeze Casting and Combined Addition of Calcium and Strontium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

Marodkar, Ankush S.; Patil, Hitesh; Borkar, Hemant; Behl, Amit

doi:10.1007/s40962-022-00943-1

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The results indicate that the SDAS significantly decreases after the addition of Ca and Ce and Ca addition results in higher refinement of the SDAS than Ce. The reduction in SDAS to a certain limit improves the mechanical strength of the material [5] and also the reduction in grain size can be predicted with decrease in SDAS with Ca and Ce addition. Fig.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterization and Phase Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Mg-Al alloy dispersion hardening and casting both rely heavily on the β -Mg17Al12 [4]. The majority of the β -Mg17Al12 that precipitates during gravity die casting (GC) occurs at the grain boundaries (GBs) [5,6]. The mechanical properties of AZ91 become less stable as a result of the precipitation of the bulky secondary β-Mg17Al12 phase at grain boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even at higher temperatures, these thermally stable precipitates effectively prevent dislocation and movement of grain boundaries. As a result, alloying additions to certain limits can result in improved strength [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Ca and Ce Additions on Microstructure and Microhardness of Squeeze-Cast AZ91 Mg Alloy

Sarania,

Marodkar,

Borkar

2023

MSF

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In this study, AZ91 alloy was used as the base material and calcium and cerium were added as alloying elements. Microstructural analysis through optical microscope (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) revealed that AZ91 base alloy contains α-Mg matrix and β-Mg17Al12 interdendritic network. The inclusion of individual calcium and cerium resulted in a more homogeneous distribution of the interdendritic network in the AZ91-1wt.% Ca and AZ91-1wt.% Ce alloy. The secondary phase (Mg17Al12) was refined in the microstructure as a result of Ca and Ce addition where Ce addition forms a new rod-like phase that is recognized as Al11Ce3 and Ca addition forms a skeleton like structure of Mg17Al12 and Al2Ca. Due to the formation of new Al2Ca and Al11Ce3 intermetallics, the volume fraction of β-Mg17Al12 was more suppressed with Ca and Ce alloy additions. The grain size determined from Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) maps indicate the reduction in average grain size with individual Ca and Ce additions. The addition of these elements was found to improve the hardness of AZ91 alloy. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the potential for using Calcium and Cerium as alloying elements in AZ91 alloy to improve its mechanical properties by modifying its microstructure.

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Section: Microstructural Characterization and Phase Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Ca and Ce Additions on Microstructure and Microhardness of Squeeze-Cast AZ91 Mg Alloy

Sarania,

Marodkar,

Borkar

2023

MSF

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“…Magnesium is the lightest structural material available, with a density of 1.8 g/cm 3 , which is 33% of aluminum and 75% of steel [1,2,3]. Employing lightweight magnesium and its alloys in automobile industries enhanced automobile fuel efficiency by reducing the vehicle's overall weight and reducing CO2 emission [4,5]. Magnesium automotive applications include cylinder blocks, steering wheels, gearbox and housing, transmission cases, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnesium automotive applications include cylinder blocks, steering wheels, gearbox and housing, transmission cases, etc. The application of squeeze casting (SC) over die casting (DC) delivers better casting with a high-quality surface and less porosity [4,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Individual Alloying Addition on the Microstructure and Creep Behavior of Squeeze Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

Patil,

Ghosh,

Borkar

2024

KEM

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The microstructure of AZ91 (Mg-Al) alloy is comprised of α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12 massive phase. The lower melting point associated with the β-Mg17Al12 phase results in poor creep resistance of the alloy. In the present study, the AZ91 alloy with the addition of calcium (Ca, 1wt%) and cerium (Ce, 1wt%) is cast, and their effect on the microstructure and creep behavior of AZ91 alloy have been investigated. Thermally stable phases such as Al2Ca and Al11Ce3 are introduced in the AZ91 alloy through the addition of Ca and Ce elements. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of these intermetallic phases in the microstructure. Tensile creep tests on the as-cast samples were performed at 175°C temperature under 50 MPa stress. The study shows that the creep resistance of AZ91 alloy is greatly improved with the presence of Al2Ca and Al11Ce3 intermetallic phases because of their better thermal stability than β-Mg17Al12.

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Role of Intermetallics in Creep Behavior of Squeezed Cast Ca‐ and Sr‐Modified AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

Patil,

Ghosh,

Borkar

2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Magnesium (Mg) alloys, particularly AZ91, have gained significant attention due to their castability and lightweight properties. The present study investigates the effects of individual strontium (Sr) and combined calcium (Ca)–strontium (Sr) addition on the microstructure evolution and creep performance of AZ91 alloy. Alloys are prepared via squeeze‐casting and subjected to tensile creep tests. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction studies reveal Al2Ca and Al4Sr phases at the expense of the β‐Mg17Al12 phase. Further, thermodynamic analysis shows these phases have higher dissolution compared to the β‐Mg17Al12 phase. The AZ91 alloy with the combined addition of Ca and Sr demonstrates a much lower steady‐state creep rate compared to individual Ca‐ or Sr‐modified AZ91 alloys. Further analysis of the creep data indicates that dislocation climb‐controlled power‐law creep governs in both Sr‐ and Ca–Sr‐modified AZ91 alloy. Microstructural investigation on the postrupture sample indicates that needle‐shaped Al4Sr acts as a crack/cavity initiator, while a skeleton shape‐interconnected network consisting of Al2Ca and/or Al4Sr precipitates is effective in retarding crack propagation. The higher thermal stability of Al2Ca and Al4Sr phases, along with the grain size refinement, is found to be the major factors contributing to improved creep performance in Sr–Ca‐modified AZ91 alloy.

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Effect of Squeeze Casting and Combined Addition of Calcium and Strontium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

Influence of Ca and Ce Additions on Microstructure and Microhardness of Squeeze-Cast AZ91 Mg Alloy

Influence of Ca and Ce Additions on Microstructure and Microhardness of Squeeze-Cast AZ91 Mg Alloy

Effect of Individual Alloying Addition on the Microstructure and Creep Behavior of Squeeze Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

Role of Intermetallics in Creep Behavior of Squeezed Cast Ca‐ and Sr‐Modified AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

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