Effect of Standardised Extract Pegagan Embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) toward Natural Killer Cell and CD8 Cell Activities on White Male Mice Exposed to H5N1 Virus Antigen

Abstract

AIM: Community in Indonesia used pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) to increase endurance. Based on that, the study aimed to determine the effects of pegagan embun extract on natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 cells activities in white male mice exposed to the H5N1 antigen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As many as thirty-five experimental white male mice were used, divided into seven groups, by varying the time of administration of the H5N1 antigen. Groups I and II, were given the test extract for 7 days and induced H5N1 antigen on days 1 and 7, then evaluated on day 8. Group III was given a test extract for 3 days, then induced antigen on the 4th day and continued with giving the test extract until day 7th. In Groups V and VII, only H5N1 antigen induction on day 1 and evaluated on day 8. Groups IV and VI were given the test extract for 7 and 4 days. The observations examine the activities of NK cells and CD8 cells. The data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variation method with p = 0.05, then analyzed with Duncan Multiple Range Test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: After calculating, the NK cell activity for groups 1 to 7, respectively: 2.12; 2.03; 2.07; 1.87; 1.98; 1.91; and 1.95 ng/mL while for CD8 cell activity 22.23; 24.61; 23.69; 21.10; 19,20; 19.87; and 18.13 ng/mL. The results showed that giving pegagan embun extract to white male mice exposed to the H5N1 antigen increase the activities of NK cells and CD8 cells. CONCLUSION: It concluded that administration of standardized extract of pegagan embun (H. sibthorpioides Lam.) at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW increased NK cells activities and CD8 cells of white male mice exposed to H5N1 virus antigen.

Effects of Pegagan Embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam) Extract on Renal Function in Male Wistar Rats as Assessed by Creatinine Clearance

“…Indonesia possesses a rich biodiversity of germplasm, flora, and fauna that provides a potential source of natural medicine, many of which come from medicinal plants. 1 Traditional medicine has demonstrated health benefits in more than 80% of the global population, particularly in developing countries. 1 One of these medicinal plants, pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam), a low-growing plant native to southeastern Asia, is commonly used in China as a traditional medicine.…”

“…1 Traditional medicine has demonstrated health benefits in more than 80% of the global population, particularly in developing countries. 1 One of these medicinal plants, pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam), a low-growing plant native to southeastern Asia, is commonly used in China as a traditional medicine. 2 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides (HS) has been found to increase overall physical health and is used to treat liver-related problems and anaemia.…”

“…3,4,5 Moreover, a standardised extract of HS has been found to increase NK cell activity and CD8 cell numbers in male Wistar rats exposed to the H5N1 viral antigen. 6 During the COVID-19 pandemic, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides showed potential as a medicinal herb for increasing immune strength, most likely due to its immunostimulatory activity. 3 HS is known to contain flavonoid compounds that act as an antioxidant.…”