Effect of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B on Body Fluid Compartments in Conscious Rhesus Monkeys

Abstract

Techniques for measuring changes in body fluid compartments after SEB injection i.v. in conscious rhesus monkeys are described and compared with base line values measured by identical techniques in normal monkeys. Although few changes were observed in body fluid volumes 3h after i.v. staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB; 1 mg/kg), the F cell ratio and all fluid compartments except for RBC volume were decreased significantly by 5 h after i.v. SEB administration. Rapid intracellular dehydration and decreases in plasma and blood volumes appear to play a role in the development of circulatory shock during enterotoxemia in monkeys.

Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility

“…Most of the toxin (75%) eventually enters the circulation, with rapid localization to the kidney and proximal renal tubules. In rhesus monkeys, SEB leads to increased renal vascular resistance and decreased renal function (466).…”

Cardiovascular and Vomiting Responses to a Lethal Intravenous Dose of Staphyloenterotoxin A in Rhesus Monkeys

“…Another common sign shared by monkeys with SEA or SEB toxemia was the gradually decreased blood pressure which persisted until shortly before death [8]. If the shocks induced by SEA and SEB are caused by the same mechanisms, then pulmonary edema [7], severe vasoconstriction, dehydration, and decreases in plasma volume, blood volume, and cardiac output may play significant roles in causing death during SEA enterotoxemia [11,12]. It seems likely that the pathophysiological effects described for SEB in earlier studies in monkeys can be ascribed also to SEA.…”

“…The lethal physiological responses to intravenous SEB have been studied most extensively in the rhesus monkey [5,6,8,Il,12], but the intravenous effects of highly purified SEA have been reported only in cats [3]. Further, SEA is known to have important immunochemical dissimilarities from SEB [15].…”