Effect of Starvation on Central Neurotransmitter Systems and on Endocrine Regulation

Pirke, Karl M.; Spyra, B.; Warnhoff, Michael; Küderling, I.; Dorsch, Gunter; Gramsch, Christian

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69594-0_6

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…MOPEG concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of anorectic patients is reduced indicating that not only peripheral but also central noradrenergic activity is reduced (Kaye et al, 1984). Peripheral NE secretion is stimulated during exercise in anorectic patients although this increase is much smaller than in healthy controls (Nudel et al, 1984;Pirke et al, 1989). This depression of norepinephrine turnover is most likely a consequence of starvation, since peripheral and central norepinephrine turnover is reduced in the starved rat (Landsberg and Young, 1978;Pirke et al, 1984;Schweiger et al, 1985a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Peripheral NE secretion is stimulated during exercise in anorectic patients although this increase is much smaller than in healthy controls (Nudel et al, 1984;Pirke et al, 1989). This depression of norepinephrine turnover is most likely a consequence of starvation, since peripheral and central norepinephrine turnover is reduced in the starved rat (Landsberg and Young, 1978;Pirke et al, 1984;Schweiger et al, 1985a, b). We may speculate that reduced NE turnover might be one internal stimulus for the induction of running.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We have reported earlier that starvation causes a reduction of norepinephrine turnover. In these studies we had applied two different methods to measure norepinephrine turnover: The alpha-methylparatyrosine method (Pirke et al, 1984) and the measurement of MHPG (Schweiger et al, 1985a, b). Tyrosine availability and tyrosine flow into the brain were reduced, indicating that reduced tyrosine availability may be one of the mechanisms for reduced NE turnover in the brain of the starved rat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semistarvation-induced hyperactivity compensates for decreased norepinephrine and dopamine turnover in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the rat

Broocks

Liu

Pirke

1990

J. Neural Transmission

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Male Wistar rats were housed in running wheel cages and were restricted in their food intake, in order to reduce the initial body weight by 30% within 10 days. Rats increased their daily running up to distances between 7 and 11 km compared to the maximum 2.5 km in controls fed ad libitum. The hypothalamic noradrenaline (NE) turnover, as estimated by the concentration of the major metabolite MHPG, was significantly decreased in semistarved sedentary rats compared to controls. Hyperactivity resulted in marked elevation of NE turnover at all time points examined. Semistarvation-induced decreases of dopamine (DA) turnover as estimated by the concentrations of its major metabolite DOPAC, could also be compensated by hyperactivity. The circadian pattern of NE turnover parallels the pattern of running activity. MHPG levels at times of high activity were even higher than in controls fed ad libitum (p less than 0.01). The availability of the precursor tyrosine, as indicated by the ratio of plasma tyrosine to the large neutral amino acids, was significantly decreased in semistarvation (p less than 0.0001); hyperactivity caused a further decrease (p less than 0.001), indicating that tyrosine availability is not, under these conditions, a limiting factor for noradrenaline turnover. The combined influence of semistarvation and hyperactivity on central catecholamine turnover in the rat is discussed as an animal model for the effects of malnutrition and heavy exercise often observed in anorexia nervosa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semistarvation-induced hyperactivity compensates for decreased norepinephrine and dopamine turnover in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the rat

Broocks

Liu

Pirke

1990

J. Neural Transmission

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“…Previous data obtained in animal models suggest that nutritional factors and percentage of body fat are also relevant to the failure of the GnRH neurosecretory mechanism, with depression of gonadotropin secretion independently of ovarian presence (4,6). No studies in humans have as yet provided clear information on the relevance of nutritional status to the central mechanism underlying diet-induced hypogonadism, in particular in AN (2,8,9,33). In this context, the study of chronic undernourished AN patients, with low plasma levels of endogenous estrogen and without estrogen replacement therapy, represents a useful approach for evaluating the effects of endogenous alteration of pulsatile GnRH secretion on gonadotropin isoform secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a clear relationship exists between menstrual dysfunction, weight loss and malnutrition, amenorrhea can predate weight loss and may persist despite weight gain (2,3). An abnormality in the central regulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse-generation system has been described in both undernourished animal models (4)(5)(6) and humans with AN, with a reduced gonadotropin pulsatility and an age-inappropriate gonadotropin secretion pattern (3,(7)(8)(9)(10). Pulsatile GnRH therapy in AN patients has been reported to induce the quantitative restoration of both episodic luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and pituitary LH responsiveness to GnRH (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the glycosylation pattern of circulating gonadotropins after acute administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in patients with anorexia nervosa

Savastano

Tommaselli²,

Valentino³

et al. 1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

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To study the involvement of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in glycosylation of circulating gonadotropin isoforms in anorexia nervosa (AN), 14 amenorrhoic patients with AN, 14 age-matched volunteers in early follicular phase, and five normal-weight re-fed patients with AN were investigated under baseline conditions and after acute administration of GnRH. Plasma gonadotropins were assayed using IRMA before and after concanavalin A affinity chromatography. Baseline plasma gonadotropin levels were lower for both AN and re-fed AN patients than in controls (P<0.005). The increase in FSH and LH after GnRH administration was lower than in controls for AN (P<0.005) and re-fed AN (P<0.005 and P<0.05 respectively) patients. Percentages of total gonadotropin not bound to concanavalin A (complex carbohydrate chains) under baseline conditions were higher in patients with AN than in controls (P<0.005) but decreased after GnRH administration (P<0.001). In re-fed AN patients, the percentage of unbound FSH was higher than in controls (P<0.05), and decreased after GnRH administration (P<0.001), whereas the percentages of unbound LH were not significantly different from controls either before or after GnRH administration. These data suggest that: (a) the acute administration of GnRH induces quantitative and qualitative changes in circulating gonadotropin isoforms in both normal controls and AN patients; (b) during recovery the LH response in re-fed AN patients is associated with a glycosylation pattern that is the same as that for controls. European Journal of Endocrinology 138 76-81

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Altered Cerebrospinal Fluid Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY Immunoreactivity in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa

Kaye

Berrettini²,

Gwirtsman³

et al. 1990

Arch Gen Psychiatry

171

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Effect of Starvation on Central Neurotransmitter Systems and on Endocrine Regulation

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Semistarvation-induced hyperactivity compensates for decreased norepinephrine and dopamine turnover in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the rat

Semistarvation-induced hyperactivity compensates for decreased norepinephrine and dopamine turnover in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the rat

Changes in the glycosylation pattern of circulating gonadotropins after acute administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in patients with anorexia nervosa

Altered Cerebrospinal Fluid Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY Immunoreactivity in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa

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