Effect of Static Magnetic Field on Monascus ruber M7 Based on Transcriptome Analysis

Abstract

The effects of a static magnetic field (SMF) on Monascus ruber M7 (M. ruber M7) cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates under SMF treatment at different intensities (5, 10, and 30 mT) were investigated in this paper. The results revealed that, compared with the control (CK, no SMF treatment), the SMF at all tested intensities did not significantly influence the morphological characteristics of M. ruber M7, while the intracellular and extracellular Monascus pigments (MPs) and extracellular citrinin (CIT) of M. ruber M7 were increased at 10 and 30 mT SMF but there was no impact on the MPs and CIT at 5 mT SMF. The transcriptome data of M. ruber M7 cultured at 30 mT SMF on PDA for 3 and 7 d showed that the SMF could increase the transcriptional levels of some relative genes with the primary metabolism, including the carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, especially in the early growing period (3 d). SMF could also affect the transcriptional levels of the related genes to the biosynthetic pathways of MPs, CIT, and ergosterol, and improve the transcription of the relative genes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway of M. ruber M7. These findings provide insights into a comprehensive understanding of the effects of SMF on filamentous fungi.

Static Magnetic Field Inhibits Growth of Escherichia coli Colonies via Restriction of Carbon Source Utilization

“…Recently, more and more researchers are utilizing multiomics in combination with genetic, biochemical and molecular biology approaches to systematically investigate magnetobiological effects on organism growth and development. For example, three days of exposure of Monascus ruber M7 to 30 mT SMF significantly increased the accumulation of Monascus pigments and citrinin, which was consistent with the transcriptomic data showing that a number of genes involved in the pigment and citrinin biosynthesis, as well as in the primary metabolism, were upregulated by SMF [ 32 ]. In addition, moderate-intensity SMF could enhance the efficiency of a halotolerant yeast to decolorize azo dye via upregulating the expression of genes functioning in intracellular synthesis and the accumulation of glycerol [ 33 ].…”

Occurrence, Risk Implications, Prevention and Control of CIT in Monascus Cheese: A Review

“…The process through which the magnetic field affects organisms is intricate and integrated, and the effect of magnetic field intensity on the growth of Monascus also exhibits a dose–effect relationship . In contrast, a low-frequency magnetic field can increase the production of pigments and Monacolin K without affecting the normal growth of the mycelium while reducing the synthesis of CIT and downregulating the expression of associated regulatory genes. − Consequently, with proper application, low-frequency magnetic fields can be potent instruments for enhancing the efficiency of fermentation processes.…”

Comparative transcriptomics discloses the regulatory impact of carbon/nitrogen fermentation on the biosynthesis of Monascus kaoliang pigments

“…The bioynthesis of MPs depends on many factors, such as Monascus spp. strain, carbon source, nitrogen source, nitrogen to carbon ratio, pH value, and other nutritional and environmental factors ( Said et al, 2014 , Chen et al, 2017 , Patrovsky et al, 2019 , Yang et al, 2021 ). Many have reported that regulating the culture medium composition and conditions improves the yield of health-related metabolite in Monascus spp .…”