Effect of static neck flexion in cervical flexion-relaxation phenomenon in healthy males and females

Mousavi-Khatir, Roghayeh; Talebian, Saeed; Maroufi, Nader; Olyaei, Gholamreza

doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.07.039

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In this line, Pialasse et al had con rmed the existence of exionrelaxation in the cervical spine (15). Mousavi-Khatir et al had further observed FRP change parameters after 10 minutes of sustained full cervical exion (CF) in healthy individuals (19). According to the related literature, exion-relaxation ratio (FRR) is known as a quantitative measure for calculating FRP (17,20,22), and even a reliable method to examine neuromuscular dysfunction, as suggested by Murphy et al (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Then, their thoracic region was xed to the chair with a strap, at the level of the scapula, holding the arms comfortably at the side of the body. The participants were next asked to look at the target at the eye level during the test and keep their head and neck in a neutral position, determined as the midpoint between full neck exion and extension (19) by an experienced physiotherapist. Accordingly, the participants were requested to perform the exion and extension of the cervical spine to the end of the range, and the midpoint was targeted as the neutral position of the head for each individual (19).…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants were next asked to look at the target at the eye level during the test and keep their head and neck in a neutral position, determined as the midpoint between full neck exion and extension (19) by an experienced physiotherapist. Accordingly, the participants were requested to perform the exion and extension of the cervical spine to the end of the range, and the midpoint was targeted as the neutral position of the head for each individual (19). In addition, they were asked to ex and extend their neck three times from the midpoint as far as they could in order to assess the cervical ROM on the sagittal plate.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating Cervical Flexion-Relaxation Ratio in Patients with Cervical Lateral Spinal Stenosis Compared with Asymptomatic Controls: a case control study

Akbarnejad-Basra

Javanshir

Saadat

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background The cervical flexion-relaxation ratio (FRR) is known as a quantitative measure of the ability of the cervical extensor muscles to relax during the full flexion of the cervical spine. In this sense, the variations in the cervical FRR indicate some changes in the neuromuscular pattern of extensor muscles, and consequently, their functions. Compared with patients suffering from non-specific neck pain, the changes occurring in the pattern of the neck muscles' functions in cases with cervical spinal stenosis are not yet well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to compare cervical FRR in patients with cervical lateral spinal stenosis and asymptomatic controls. Methods In total, 25 patients with cervical lateral spinal stenosis (aged 44.7±10.4) and 25 asymptomatic individuals (aged 44.3±10.8) were included in this study. These participants performed full-neck flexion, and at the same time, the electrical activity of the cervical erector spinae (CES) muscles was recorded bilaterally. Cervical FRR was further calculated by analyzing the electromyographic (EMG) data recorded for each muscle. Results The mean cervical FRR was significantly lower (P<0.05) and the FRR asymmetry (∆FRR) was significantly higher (P=0.003) in the patients than asymptomatic controls. In addition, the cervical FRR of the involved side was significantly lower in the patients compared with that in the non-involved one (P=0.004). There was also a significant difference in the cervical extension (CE) angle between both study groups (P<0.001), while the cervical flexion (CF) angle was not different (P>0.05). Conclusion According to the study results, it was concluded that the neuromuscular pattern of the cervical muscles could change asymmetrically and the CE angle could decline in individuals with cervical lateral spinal stenosis. Therefore, such patients will be more susceptible to biomechanical changes and persistent pain if the cervical muscles are not considered in their treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigating Cervical Flexion-Relaxation Ratio in Patients with Cervical Lateral Spinal Stenosis Compared with Asymptomatic Controls: a case control study

Akbarnejad-Basra

Javanshir

Saadat

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Previous studies investigated the effect of static full flexion on the range of head flexion and the timing of flexion-relaxation behaviors. They have found that maintaining a full head forward flexion posture for 10 minutes resulted in an increase of the range of head flexion (Mousavi-Khatir, Talebian, Toosizadeh, Olyaei & Maroufi, 2018) and delayed occurrence of the flexion relaxation (Mousavi-Khatir, Talebian, Maroufi & Olyaei, 2016). If such viscoelastic changes occur to smartphone users, the reduced tissue stiffness and tissue elongation may impair the stability of the cervical spine or pose additional biomechanical stress to the neck musculature (Hoogendoorn et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the range of head flexion rotation and neck muscle activity after prolonged use of a smartphone

Song

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Text-neck has been the main health concern among smartphone users. The current study explored a potential association between the duration of static head flexion posture during smartphone use and the viscoelastic changes of the cervical spine passive tissues. Ten participants conducted a smartphone task for 30 minutes, and their full head flexion angle and the neck muscle activity during a head extension motion were quantified before, in the middle, and after the 30-min task. Participants reported higher neck discomfort ratings after smartphone use, and the neck muscle activity showed an increasing trend over time. However, no significant difference was found in the muscle activity level between the three time levels. Full head flexion angle also did not vary significantly over time (p > 0.05). Study results imply the reduction of tissue stiffness during smartphone use, but warrant further research with a more sensitive evaluation method.

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“…As a result of the changing mechanical properties of cervical structures, including ligaments, muscles, and bones, flexion-relaxation phenomenon and erector spinae muscle activation are responsible for proprioception sense disturb. [5] While sensorimotor control decreases, repositioning errors increase in cervical joints due to damage of cervical proprioceptive inputs and sensorimotor integration. All these changes, which result in the loss of proprioceptive skills that are an important part of balance, lead to sensorimotor defects, muscle inhibition, muscle atrophy, and muscle fatigue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Investigation of the Effect of Proprioceptive Training on Balance in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain

Duray¹,

Şimşek²,

Altuğ

et al. 2018

Agri

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Effect of static neck flexion in cervical flexion-relaxation phenomenon in healthy males and females

Cited by 25 publications

References 61 publications

Investigating Cervical Flexion-Relaxation Ratio in Patients with Cervical Lateral Spinal Stenosis Compared with Asymptomatic Controls: a case control study

Investigating Cervical Flexion-Relaxation Ratio in Patients with Cervical Lateral Spinal Stenosis Compared with Asymptomatic Controls: a case control study

Changes in the range of head flexion rotation and neck muscle activity after prolonged use of a smartphone

The Investigation of the Effect of Proprioceptive Training on Balance in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain

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