Effect of strain rate on the fracture behaviour of skin

Arumugam, V.; Naresh, M.D.; Sanjeevi, R.

doi:10.1007/bf02716820

Cited by 126 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…25 Furthermore, the presence of coagents could have enhanced the close packing of the fibers, as has been shown for composite fibers 26 and elastin-based materials. 27 The fracture modes identified were in accord with previous publications on collagen fibers and native tissues, [28][29][30][31] where their relative occurrence was attributed to the handling of the fibers, the strain rate, and possibly to flaws within the fibrous structure. More specific, when the application of load was slow, the fibers tended to break smoothly (smooth fracture).…”

Section: Structural Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 87%

Engineering extruded collagen fibers for biomedical applications

Zeugolis

Paul

Attenburrow

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Extruded collagen fibers constitute a promising biomimetic scaffold for tissue engineering applications. In this study, we compared the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of fibers produced from either NaCl or poly(ethylene glycol) with a number-average molecular weight of 8000 (PEG 8K), the only two coagents that have been used in the fabrication process. As novel, we report the fabrication of fibers with properties similar to native or synthetic fibers using other coagents. NaCl derived fibers were characterized by higher thermal stability (p < 0.026), stress (p < 0.001), and modulus (p < 0.0025) values than PEG 8K, whereas the latter yielded more extendable fibers (p < 0.012). Poly(ethylene glycol)s with number-average molecular weights of 200 and 1000 produced fibers with similar mechanical properties (p > 0.05) that were thinner (p < 0.033), stiffer (p < 0.022), and less extendable (p < 0.0002) than those of PEG 8K. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with a numberaverage average molecular weight of 9-10,000 and PEG 8K yielded fibers with similar diameters and stress-at-break values (p > 0.05); however, the poly(ethylene glycol) derived fibers were more extendable (p < 0.0003), whereas the PVA fibers were stiffer (p < 0.029). Gum-arabic-and solublestarch-derived fibers were of similar tensile strength, extendibility, and stiffness (p > 0.05). In this in vitro study, the thickest (p < 0.011) and the weakest (p < 0.0066) fibers were produced in the presence of sodium sulfate.

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Section: Structural Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 87%

Engineering extruded collagen fibers for biomedical applications

Zeugolis

Paul

Attenburrow

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…2b), but retain elastic behaviours at strain levels (50%) that exceed those that can be tolerated by the epidermis (linear response to tensile strain up to 15%, nonlinear to 30% and rupture at 430% (ref. 34)). Incorporating a wireless electronic heating system further reduces the accessible strain, but with an elastic stretchability of nearly 20%, which is useful for many applications (see Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal photonic devices for quantitative imaging of temperature and thermal transport characteristics of the skin

et al. 2014

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Characterization of temperature and thermal transport properties of the skin can yield important information of relevance to both clinical medicine and basic research in skin physiology. Here we introduce an ultrathin, compliant skin-like, or 'epidermal', photonic device that combines colorimetric temperature indicators with wireless stretchable electronics for thermal measurements when softly laminated on the skin surface. The sensors exploit thermochromic liquid crystals patterned into large-scale, pixelated arrays on thin elastomeric substrates; the electronics provide means for controlled, local heating by radio frequency signals. Algorithms for extracting patterns of colour recorded from these devices with a digital camera and computational tools for relating the results to underlying thermal processes near the skin surface lend quantitative value to the resulting data. Application examples include non-invasive spatial mapping of skin temperature with milli-Kelvin precision ( ± 50 mK) and sub-millimetre spatial resolution. Demonstrations in reactive hyperaemia assessments of blood flow and hydration analysis establish relevance to cardiovascular health and skin care, respectively.

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“…The decrease in the collagen fibril viscosity and length associated with an increase in the strain rate reflects a decrease in the viscosity of skin [20]. The fracture pattern of the collagen fibers can be classified into three main patterns [21]: (1) fracture occurring in a single plane perpendicular to the fiber axis, or ‘smooth fracture’; (2) fracture starting as a smooth fracture but resulting in the splitting of the fiber along the axis, or ‘step fracture’; (3) fracture with a split open end resembling the bristles of a brush, or ‘fibrillation fracture’ [22]. These patterns have been found to be extremely characteristic in both collagen [23] and elastoidin fibers [24] tested at different strain rates.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Skin Fragility In Dermatoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatoporosis: A Chronic Cutaneous Insufficiency/Fragility Syndrome

Kaya

Saurat²

2007

Dermatology

200

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Background: Skin aging has long been considered only as a cosmetic problem. With the increase in lifespan, we are now more often experiencing a further dimension of skin aging, which is no longer only cosmetic, but also functional, in the sense that the skin has lost its protective mechanical function. Dermatoporosis is the name proposed to capture, in a holistic approach, all the aspects of this chronic cutaneous insufficiency/fragility syndrome. Observations: In this paper, we review the clinical aspects of dermatoporosis, its histological features and the current understanding of its etiological factors. The clinical manifestations of dermatoporosis comprise (i) morphologicalmarkers of fragility – rather trivial – such as senile purpura, stellate pseudoscars and skin atrophy, and (ii) functional expression of skin fragility resulting from minor traumas such as frequent skin laceration, delayed wound healing, nonhealing atrophic ulcers and subcutaneous bleeding with the formation of dissecting hematomas leading to large zones of necrosis. Dissecting hematomas bear significant morbidity needing hospitalization and urgent surgical procedures. Molecular mechanisms implying hyaluronate-CD44 pathways in the control and maintenance of epithelial growth and the viscoelastic properties of the extracellular matrix offer new opportunities for preventive intervention. Conclusion: We propose to group the different manifestations and implications of this syndrome under the umbrella term of ‘dermatoporosis’,because we think it will helpto capture the understanding of health professionals that, as osteoporosis, ‘dermatoporosis’should be prevented and treated to avoid complications. Dermatologists should be aware of this emerging syndrome and function as key players in prevention and therapy. Randomized clinical trials should demonstrate which intervention may best prevent and/or reverse dermatoporosis.

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Effect of strain rate on the fracture behaviour of skin

Cited by 126 publications

References 6 publications

Engineering extruded collagen fibers for biomedical applications

Engineering extruded collagen fibers for biomedical applications

Epidermal photonic devices for quantitative imaging of temperature and thermal transport characteristics of the skin

Dermatoporosis: A Chronic Cutaneous Insufficiency/Fragility Syndrome

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