“…Using special lubrication methods or additives can effectively reduce the friction coefficient and friction losses of rolling bearings, providing good lubrication effects and prolonging the service life of bearings. Among these, materials such as solid paraffin (Dawari et al , 2022), hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coatings (Zhou et al , 2022), titanium alloys (Zhao et al , 2022a), self-lubricating polymer composites (Rodiouchkina et al , 2022; Zhao et al , 2022b), molybdenum disulfide and its composites (Yang et al , 2023; Gokce et al , 2021; Yang et al , 2022; Bhardwaj et al , 2021), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites (Gungor and Demirer, 2022; Beckford et al , 2011; Deleanu and Georgescu, 2015; Feng et al , 2021; Lin et al , 2021; Trabelsi et al , 2016), graphene materials (Jin et al , 2023; Mao et al , 2018; Wu et al , 2021a; Jin et al , 2021) and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) composites (Zhang et al , 2016; He et al , 2020; Tong et al , 2022) have demonstrated excellent anti-wear performance and tribological characteristics. However, the method of storing composite solid lubricants in bearing grooves has yet to receive attention.…”