Effect of structural features on enzyme digestibility of corn stover

Kim, Sehoon; Holtzapple, Mark T.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.040

Cited by 386 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is known that corn stover biomass can be used by the bioenergy industry for biofuel production [33]. Biomass feedstock with large amounts of cellulose and hemicellulose and low lignin is the most desirable for cellulosic production via fermentation [8,9]. During the 3 years of the experiment across all three locations, the cobs, tops, and above-ear portions exhibited the greatest holocellulose contents and lowest amounts of ash and lignin.…”

Section: Vertical Biomass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose and hemicellulose are structural polysaccharides of plant cell walls [6] with the former being a polymer of glucose and, as a major plant component, the most abundant carbohydrate on earth [7]. Cellulose is therefore the most desirable plant component for cellulosic ethanol production through fermentation, with lignin being identified as the least desirable component, which is known to inhibit biomass hydrolysis [8,9]. Nevertheless, for thermochemical biofuel production, lignin-rich biomass would be desirable due to its high energy content [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Structural Carbohydrates in Corn Plants Across the Southeastern USA

et al. 2014

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Quantifying lignin and carbohydrate composition of corn (Zea mays L.) is important to support the emerging cellulosic biofuels industry. Therefore, field studies with 0 or 100 % stover removal were established in Alabama and South Carolina as part of the Sun Grant Regional Partnership Corn Stover Project. In Alabama, cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) was also included as an additional experimental factor, serving as a winter cover crop. Plots were located on major soil types representative of their respective states: Compass and Decatur soils in Alabama and a Coxville/Rains-Goldsboro-Lynchburg soil association in South Carolina. Lignin and structural carbohydrate concentrations in the whole (above-ground) plant, cobs, vegetation excluding cobs above the primary ear (top), vegetation below the primary ear (bottom), and vegetation from above the primary ear including cobs (above-ear fraction) were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The distribution of lignin, ash, and structural carbohydrates varied among plant fractions, but neither inclusion of a rye cover crop nor the stover harvest treatments consistently affected carbohydrate concentrations within locations. Total precipitation and average air temperature during the growing season were strongly correlated with stover composition indicating that weather conditions may have multiple effects on potential biofuel production (i.e., not only yield but also stover quality). When compared to the above-ear fractions, bottom plant partitions contained greater lignin concentrations. Holocellulose concentration was consistently greater in the above-ear fractions at all three locations. Data from this study suggests that the above-ear plant portions have the most desirable characteristics for cellulosic ethanol production via fermentation in the southeastern USA.

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Section: Vertical Biomass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Structural Carbohydrates in Corn Plants Across the Southeastern USA

et al. 2014

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“…The root causes of biomass recalcitrance could be attributed to a number of factors, such as substrate accessibility to cellulase, cellulose degree of polymerization (DP), cellulose crystallinity, lignin content and structure, and hemicellulose content (Chandra et al, 2007;Himmel et al, 2007;Kim and Holtzapple, 2005;Zhang and Lynd, 2004;Zhang et al, 2006b). A functionally based mathematical model of fungal enzyme-based enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis has been developed, accounting for cellulose characteristics (DP and substrate accessibility) and different modes of action for endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase enzyme system components (Zhang and Lynd, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of corn stover pretreated by dilute acid and cellulose solvent‐based lignocellulose fractionation: Enzymatic hydrolysis, supramolecular structure, and substrate accessibility

Zhu

Sathitsuksanoh

Vinzant

et al. 2009

Biotech & Bioengineering

201

164

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Liberation of fermentable sugars from recalcitrant biomass is among the most costly steps for emerging cellulosic ethanol production. Here we compared two pretreatment methods (dilute acid, DA, and cellulose solvent and organic solvent lignocellulose fractionation, COSLIF) for corn stover. At a high cellulase loading [15 filter paper units (FPUs) or 12.3 mg cellulase per gram of glucan], glucan digestibilities of the corn stover pretreated by DA and COSLIF were 84% at hour 72 and 97% at hour 24, respectively. At a low cellulase loading (5 FPUs per gram of glucan), digestibility remained as high as 93% at hour 24 for the COSLIF-pretreated corn stover but reached only $60% for the DA-pretreated biomass. Quantitative determinations of total substrate accessibility to cellulase (TSAC), cellulose accessibility to cellulase (CAC), and non-cellulose accessibility to cellulase (NCAC) based on adsorption of a nonhydrolytic recombinant protein TGC were measured for the first time. The COSLIF-pretreated corn stover had a CAC of 11.57 m 2 /g, nearly twice that of the DA-pretreated biomass (5.89 m 2 /g). These results, along with scanning electron microscopy images showing dramatic structural differences between the DA-and COSLIF-pretreated samples, suggest that COSLIF treatment disrupts microfibrillar structures within biomass while DA treatment mainly removes hemicellulose. Under the tested conditions COSLIF treatment breaks down lignocellulose structure more extensively than DA treatment, producing a more enzymatically reactive material with a higher CAC accompanied by faster hydrolysis rates and higher enzymatic digestibility.

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“…40 Tais características, como cristalinidade da celulose, área superficial específica, grau de polimerização, proteção da celulose pela lignina e hemicelulose, são consideradas fatores que interferem na eficiência de hidrólise. 49,50 A relação entre fatores estruturais reflete a complexidade da recalcitrância da biomassa lignocelulósica. A variabilidade dessas características explica o grau de digestibilidade enzimática entre diferentes fontes de biomassa.…”

Section: Recalcitrância Da Biomassa Lignocelulósica Da Cana-de-açúcarunclassified

Potencial da palha de cana-de-açúcar para produção de etanol

Santos¹,

Queiróz²,

Colodette³

et al. 2012

Quím. Nova

217

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Recebido em 26/4/11; aceito em 11/11/11; publicado na web em 13/1/12 POTENTIAL OF SUGARCANE STRAW FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION. Sugarcane straw biomass accounts for 1/3 of the energy potential of sugarcane and represents a rich source of sugars. Studies have been intensified for the use of this biomass along with bagasse for the production of cellulosic ethanol. Development of this technological path will allow for taking full advantage of sugarcane, increasing ethanol production without expanding the area cultivated. However, in order for this technology to be viable certain challenges must be overcome, including establishment of appropriate conditions of pretreatment and hydrolysis of these materials for release of fermentable sugars.Keywords: sugarcane straw; lignocelullosic biomass; ethanol. INTRODUÇÃOA iminente escassez das reservas de petróleo, principal fonte energética mundial, juntamente com as preocupações da sociedade com a preservação ambiental, são os principais motivos que levaram os governos a buscarem estratégias para uma maior produção e maior consumo de combustíveis que sejam renováveis e sustentáveis. 1,2 Um dos principais objetivos do uso dos biocombustíveis é a substituição de combustíveis fósseis, permitindo a diminuição da dependência por recursos não renováveis e a redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa. A queima de combustíveis fósseis representa aproximadamente 82% das emissões dos gases causadores do efeito estufa. 3 Portanto, seja pela questão ambiental global, seja pela importância em reduzir a dependência externa de energia, o etanol de cana-de-açúcar, que já apresenta indicadores ambientais muito positivos quando comparado a outras opções, representa uma alternativa viável na substituição de combustíveis fósseis. 4 O etanol obtido do caldo de cana-de-açúcar (etanol de primeira geração) é, até o momento, o único combustível com capacidade de atender à crescente demanda mundial por energia renovável de baixo custo e de baixo poder poluente. Deve-se considerar que as emissões gasosas com a queima do etanol são da ordem de 60% menores se comparadas às emissões da queima da gasolina, sendo ainda que o do CO 2 emitido é reabsorvido pela própria cana. 5 Atualmente, o etanol é produzido praticamente a partir de matérias-primas sacarinas ou amiláceas, cana-de-açúcar e milho, respectivamente. Entretanto, há um grande esforço da comunidade científica para o desenvolvimento de novos processos economicamente viáveis para o aproveitamento da componente lignocelulósica da biomassa, caso dos resíduos agrícolas (palha e bagaço de cana-de--açúcar, palha de trigo e resíduos de milho) e resíduos florestais (pó e restos de madeira), assim como o capim elefante para produção de etanol combustível (etanol de segunda geração). 6,7 O mais abundante recurso biológico renovável da terra é a biomassa lignocelulósica. 8 Estima-se que somente os EUA têm potencial para produzir mais de 1,3 bilhões de toneladas (base seca) de biomassa por ano. 9 Segundo Zhang, 10 um bilhão de toneladas de biomassa seca produz e...

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Effect of structural features on enzyme digestibility of corn stover

Cited by 386 publications

References 10 publications

Distribution of Structural Carbohydrates in Corn Plants Across the Southeastern USA

Distribution of Structural Carbohydrates in Corn Plants Across the Southeastern USA

Comparative study of corn stover pretreated by dilute acid and cellulose solvent‐based lignocellulose fractionation: Enzymatic hydrolysis, supramolecular structure, and substrate accessibility

Potencial da palha de cana-de-açúcar para produção de etanol

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