Effect of structural membrane inhomogeneity on transport properties

Heterogeneity of Ion-Exchange Membranes: The Effects of Membrane Heterogeneity on Transport Properties

“…Although an ion-exchange membrane indicates a chemically homogeneous polymer, it has been recognized that there is microheterogeneity in the ion exchange group distribution and cross-linking, even in socalled homogeneous ion-exchange membranes (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Small "embryos" with a significant number of crosslinks grow together, forming an "island" structure (9), in the process of ionexchange membrane synthesis.…”

Ion transport through homogeneous and heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes in single salt and multicomponent electrolyte solutions

“…In this respect, even the so-called homogeneous membranes (such as Nafion) are known to present non-conducting regions at the submicroscopic scale [15], which has motivated the development of several models to describe their structure [9,16,17]. Choi et al also developed a method to estimate the fraction of conducting regions () of ion-exchange membranes by means of chronopotentiometry [12].…”

“…The strong relationship existing between the structure of ion-exchange membranes and their electrochemical and transport properties has been the object of several investigations [9][10][11][12]. However, these studies are often conducted with single salt solutions of monovalent ions, while most industrial effluents, such as AMD, are composed of mixtures of ions where the presence of transition metals is common.…”

Structural effects of ion‐exchange membrane on the separation of L‐phenylalanine (L‐Phe) from fermentation broth using electrodialysis

“…Zabolotsky and Nikonenko 20 proposed the two-phase model by combining the gel-phase and the inert phase into a coherent region that can be considered quasi-homogeneous and named`the joint-gel phase', which is characterized by the volume fraction of each phase:…”