“…LLMC treatment options include physicochemical processes (e.g. C/F, EC, adsorption, AOPs, ozonation and S/S) ( An et al, 2012 ; Chen et al, 2019 ; He et al, 2021 ; Hong et al, 2017 ; Kallel et al, 2017 ; Ren et al., 2021 ; Top et al, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2020 ), biological methods ( Yang et al, 2018 ) and thermal processes, including membrane distillation (MD) – a thermally driven membrane filtration technique ( Chen et al, 2021a ; Yue et al, 2007 ; Zhang et al, 2019 , 2020 ) or even combinations of them ( Ding et al, 2021 ; Woo et al, 2019 ). Several treatment technologies have been proposed and assessed in laboratory investigations; however, full-scale project data are scarce, and research is needed to cover this aspect.…”