Effect of Substitution of [Pd(PPh3)4] by Related Compounds as Catalysts in Reactions of Organic Syntheses

Abstract

The effect of substitution of [Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 ], which is unstable in air, by complexes of the type½MCl 2 L 2 ðM ¼ Pd; Pt; L ¼ AsPh 3 ; SbPh 3 Þ; ½PdL 4 ðL ¼ PPh 3 ; AsPh 3 ; SbPh 3 Þ and [NiX 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 ] on the syntheses of thioethers, acetylenes and ketones is described.

Development of the Applications of Palladium on Charcoal in Organic Synthesis

“…The first example of Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 ‐catalyzed C–S coupling reaction of thiols with aryl iodides has been reported by Migita and co‐workers ,. Subsequently lots of palladium catalytic systems with various ligands have been successfully developed, and Ni, Co, Cu, In, and more recently Fe‐based catalysts have also been reported. Lin's group reported recyclable Pd/C as the catalyst for the C–S cross‐coupling reaction of a wide variety of substituted aromatic and aliphatic thiols with aryl halides without ligand in the presence of potassium hydroxide in DMSO [Eq.…”

Visible-Light-Driven Halogen-Bond-Assisted Direct Synthesis of Heteroaryl Thioethers Using Transition-Metal-Free One-Pot C–I Bond Formation/C–S Cross-Coupling Reaction

“…Conventional methods of synthesis employ precious transition metal catalysts for the cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with thiols . On top of that, these methods require specific costly ligands, high temperature, and high catalyst loading to overcome the deactivation of catalyst due to strong coordination of the thiolates to transition metal catalysts (Figure B). , Thus, there arises a need to develop alternative approaches for the C–S bond formation.…”

Bi(III)‐catalyzed C―S cross‐coupling reaction

“…For industries, these reactions are attractive because the cost and environmental impact of the process (E factor) are relatively low. Palladium‐, copper‐, nickel‐, cobalt‐, and iron‐based catalytic systems have been reported for this purpose. The high cost and air sensitivity of palladium catalyst systems and tedious procedures for the preparation of ligands restrict their applications in large‐scale processes.…”