Effect of Sucrose Concentration on the Cariogenic Potential of Pooled Plaque Fluid from Caries-Free and Caries-Positive Individuals

Margolis, Henry C.; Zhang, Y.P.; Houte, J. van; Moreno, E.C.

doi:10.1159/000261582

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…All the no-rinse plaque fluid values shown in table 3 are consistent with values previously obtained in this and in other laboratories [Carey et al, 1986;Margolis et al, 1993;Margolis and Moreno, 1994;Vogel et al, 1997Vogel et al, , 1998Vogel et al, , 2000a. The no-rinse whole-plaque total fluoride values are, however, higher than previously obtained [Vogel et al, 1992[Vogel et al, , 1997.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of a Water Rinse on ‘Labile’ Fluoride and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva before and after Conventional and Experimental Fluoride Rinses

et al. 2001

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Labile reservoirs are important in maintaining ion concentrations in oral fluids, especially after a fluoride dentifrice application, where a persistent increase in fluid fluoride can mitigate or reverse caries progression. In this study, the effect of experimental and conventional fluoride rinses on the in vitro and in vivo water–induced release of fluoride, calcium, phosphate, acetate and hydrogen ions from oral reservoirs was examined. At the start of each experiment, 13 subjects rinsed either with a conventional 228–ppm fluoride NaF rinse, a 228–ppm fluoride controlled–release rinse (CR rinse) or received no rinse. Sixty minutes later upper and lower molar plaque samples and 1–min saliva samples were collected. The subjects then rinsed with deionized water for 1 min, and 7 min later, a second set of samples was collected (in vivo study). Plaque fluid and clarified saliva were then recovered from samples by centrifugation, and the remaining plaque mass was sequentially extracted with water and acid to measure the water–extracted and total whole–plaque fluoride (in vitro study). All the samples were analyzed using microtechniques for pH, free calcium, phosphate, organic acids (plaque fluid) and fluoride (plaque fluid, centrifuged saliva and plaque extracts). Results showed that in vivo water rinsing decreased acetate and phosphate in plaque fluid, and fluoride in plaque fluid and saliva, but had no effect on plaque fluid pH. In vivo water rinsing, however, increased plaque fluid free calcium, apparently due to water–induced loss of calcium–binding ions. Water– or fluoride–rinse–induced changes in plaque fluid concentration were greater at the lower molar site, suggesting that rinse pooling may influence ion distribution. Before the water rinse, plaque fluid, saliva and whole–plaque total fluoride values were 1.7, 2 and 4 times higher after the CR rinse compared to the NaF rinse. Furthermore, the CR rinse deposited approximately 11 times more water–extracted fluoride compared to the NaF rinse, suggesting a ‘more efficient’ precipitation of ‘labile’ or ‘loosely bound fluoride’. The results presented here, and in previous studies, suggest the possibility of formulating effective fluoride dentifrices with a lower fluoride content than is currently in use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of a Water Rinse on ‘Labile’ Fluoride and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva before and after Conventional and Experimental Fluoride Rinses

et al. 2001

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“…The 'no-rinse' and postfluoride rinse (time 0) plaque pH, phosphate, free calcium (table 3) are similar to previous values [Carey et al, 1986;Moreno, 1992, 1994;Margolis et al, 1993;Vogel et al, 1992Vogel et al, , 1997Vogel et al, , 1998Vogel et al, , 2001. The values were also similar to those obtained in the in vitro acidification and water rinse studies described in Materials and Methods [Vogel et al, , 2001, in which an NaF rinse was also examined, so that the results obtained here can be compared with these previous results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The pH and organic acid concentrations after sucrose rinsing (table 3) are also similar to the reported values using similar methods [Margolis and Moreno 1992;Margolis et al, 1993]. In studies using different methodologies, these concentrations were somewhat greater [Pearce et al, 1999;Oliveby et al, 1990] or less [Higham and Edgar, 1989] than reported here but, in all cases (tables 3, 4), a large increase in lactate and a decrease in the concentration of other organic acid anions, particularly acetate, were observed after sucrose administration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The calculated solubility product for tooth enamel, assuming that its stoichiometry is similar to HAp, is quite variable [Patel and Brown, 1975]. Although, the value -log(Ksp) enamel = 54.3 has been frequently cited [Margolis et al, 1993;Margolis and Moreno, 1992], several studies suggest that the value may be between 56 and 58 [Vogel et al, 1988;Shellis et al, 1993].…”

Section: Calculation Of Ion Activity Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Lactate and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva after a Fluoride Rinse and Subsequent Sucrose Administration

et al. 2002

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The purpose of this study was to examine plaque and saliva composition after a fluoride rinse and subsequent sucrose application. Fifteen subjects accumulated plaque for 48 h, and then rinsed with a fluoride rinse based on 228 µg/g (ppm) Na₂SiF₆ and some received no rinse. After 60 min, upper and lower buccal molar plaque samples and 1-min saliva samples were collected. The subjects then rinsed with 10% g/g sucrose solution, and 7 and 15 min later, a second and a third set of samples were collected. Plaque fluid and clarified saliva were then recovered from these samples by centrifugation, and the remaining plaque acid extracted. The plaque fluid, centrifuged saliva, and plaque extract samples were then analyzed using micro techniques for pH, free calcium, phosphate, organic acids (plaque fluid and saliva only) and fluoride. Considering both the fluoride rinse and no-rinse groups, the most notable compositional changes in saliva 7 min after the sucrose rinse were pH –0.40 unit, free calcium 0.42 mM, lactate 5.2 mM, phosphate –1.3 mM, and fluoride 2.8 µM; while in plaque fluid, the corresponding changes were pH –1.59 unit, free calcium 1.5 mM, lactate 35 mM, phosphate –1.6 mM and fluoride –26 µM. After sucrose rinsing, undersaturation was found with respect to dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in saliva and plaque fluid and with respect to tooth enamel in some plaque fluid samples. Plaque fluid composition appeared to be strongly influenced by salivary clearance, diffusive loss of ions into the water phase of the rinse, and lower jaw pooling of the sucrose and fluoride components of the rinses. After the experimental rinse, the fluoride concentration in plaque fluid [86 ± 22 mM (upper molar site), 162 ± 150 mM (lower molar site)], saliva (26 ± 18 mM), and whole plaque [99 ± 97 µg/g (upper molar site), 197 ± 412 µg/g (lower molar site)] was comparable to the values in previous studies using this rinse. These very high plaque fluid fluoride concentrations, compared with the ‘no-rinse’ samples, induced an approximately 0.3-unit increase in the plaque fluid pH 7 min after the sucrose rinse, a small decrease (approximately 20%) in lactate production and a modest increase in enamel saturation. Although these changes were all statistically significant, no correlation was found between the decrease in lactate concentration and plaque fluid fluoride, pH or whole plaque fluoride.

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“…As indicated at the outset, oral food clearance is very complex, depending on physiological, physical, and microbiological parameters [6,14,15]. Therefore, such a simple rating system does not describe the true metabolic processes taking place in the oral cavity during the time sugar clears the mouth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Increasing Sucrose Concentrations on Oral Lactic Acid Production

Linke

Birchmeier²

2000

Ann Nutr Metab

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Oral lactic acid production was studied on 11 healthy dental student volunteers (5 males and 6 females) during clearance of five solutions containing 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% of sucrose. Oral fluid samples were collected at times zero, immediately before taking the sucrose solutions (‘baseline’), and 15 min following intake of the solutions. The samples were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for the presence of lactic acid and remaining sugars using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicate that the amount of lactic acid in oral fluid significantly increased with increasing sucrose concentrations, up to 15% sucrose. With the higher sucrose concentrations (20 and 30%) equivalent or lower amounts of lactic acid were obtained. The threshold level for maximum lactic acid production was found to be between 10 and 15% sucrose. Statistical analysis of the data (Student’s t test) indicated a significant difference in lactic acid production between the 5 and 10% sucrose solutions versus the 15, 20 and 30% sucrose solutions tested (p < 0.05). Clinical Significance: Ingestion of solutions with higher sucrose concentrations (>15%) produced similar amounts or less of lactic acid during oral clearance than solutions containing lower sucrose concentrations (<15%).

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Effect of Sucrose Concentration on the Cariogenic Potential of Pooled Plaque Fluid from Caries-Free and Caries-Positive Individuals

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of a Water Rinse on ‘Labile’ Fluoride and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva before and after Conventional and Experimental Fluoride Rinses

Effect of a Water Rinse on ‘Labile’ Fluoride and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva before and after Conventional and Experimental Fluoride Rinses

Changes in Lactate and Other Ions in Plaque and Saliva after a Fluoride Rinse and Subsequent Sucrose Administration

Effect of Increasing Sucrose Concentrations on Oral Lactic Acid Production

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