Effect of sugarcane fiber digestibility, conservation method and concentrate level on the ruminal ecosystem of beef cattle

Wang

Translational Animal Science

et al. 2021

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of fiber source and dietary starch level on growth performance, nutrient digestion, rumen parameters and rumen bacteria in fattening Hu lambs. A total of 360 Hu lambs (BW = 24.72 ± 0.14 kg, 2 months old) were subjected to a 2×3 factorial arrangement. Lambs randomly assigned 6 treatments with 6 repetitions (10 lambs per repetition) of each treatment. Six treatments were formulated to include the fiber sources with three starch levels. The experiment lasted a 63 d. The amount of feed, orts and total feces were sampled on 42nd day of the experiment. Rumen fluid samples were collected after 2 h of morning feeding on day 56. Rumen contents were collected last day after the selected lambs were slaughtered. Increasing the starch content decreased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF, P = 0.005). Increasing the starch level increased the proportions of propionate (P = 0.002) and valerate (P = 0.001) and decreased the proportion of acetate (P < 0.001) and the ratio of acetate to propionate (P = 0.005). The abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes was affected by an interaction between the fiber source and the starch level (P < 0.001). Fibrobacter succinogenes tended to be greater in lambs fed SH than in lambs fed BP (P = 0.091), which was a greater in lambs fed high starch levels than in lambs fed low starch levels (P = 0.014). Increasing the starch level increased Streptococcus bovis abundance (P = 0.029) and decreased total bacteria (P = 0.025). At the genus level, increasing the starch level reduced the abundance of Butyrivibrio_2 (P = 0.020). Nevertheless, the final bodyweight (BW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility were greater (P < 0.01) in lambs fed soybean hull (SH) than in lambs fed BP. The proportion of butyrate was greater (P = 0.005), while the rumen pH was lower (P = 0.001) in lambs fed beet pulp (BP) than in those fed SH. The abundances of Succiniclasticum, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Ruminococcus_1 and Christensenellaceae_R-7 were greater in lambs fed SH than in those fed BP (P < 0.050), whereas the abundance of Fibrobacter was lower (P = 0.011). The predominant microbial phyla in all of the groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Fibrobacteres. Changing the starch level for fiber sources mainly changed the rumen community in terms of the phylum and genus abundances. Lambs fed SH with low starch level increased the final BW without affecting TVFA concentrations.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of supplementation of nonforage fiber source in diets with different starch levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, and microbial flora of Hu lambs

Wang

Translational Animal Science

et al. 2021

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

“…For Van Soest (1994), lignin is presented as a limiting factor for fiber degradation, due to the barrier formed making it difficult for microbial adhesion and colonization to break complex bonds. Consequently, the effect of physical replenishment to the rumen environment is highlighted, caused by the indigestible fraction resulting in a reduction in the apparent digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF of the diets with the replacement of sugar cane (Table 3), considering that the lignin-cellulose complex and the crystallinity of this cellulose hinder digestion, characterizing the proportion of indigestible fiber present in the cell wall of sugarcane, which has been evidenced by some authors who have worked with sugarcane in food of ruminants, justifying the low IDM and apparent NDF digestibility coefficient (Cabral et al, 2015, Souza et al, 2017.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Compound samples, classified by animal and experimental period, were formed and later placed in polyethylene containers for further analysis. To estimate the fecal dry matter production, the indigestible acid detergent fiber (iNDF) was used as an internal marker to evaluate feedstuffs, orts and feces using the method described by Valente et al (2011).…”

Section: Use Of Sugar…mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of sugar cane to feed lactating dairy goats

Cabral

Carvalho

Santos

et al. 2020

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of replacing corn silage with sugarcane in the diet of lactating Saanen goats and to determine their intake and digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, milk yield and composition. The experimental diets were composed of increasing levels (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of substitution in dry matter (DM). Twelve multiparous Saanen goats, with an average body weight of 45.2kg, average milk yield of 3.0kg day-1, distributed in a triple latin square experimental design (4 × 4) were used. The dry matter intake (DMI) and other nutrients were estimated through the difference between the total nutrient in the food offered and its total in the leftovers. The DMI, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrients were not influenced, but the apparent digestibility of DM and NDF decreased. Feeding time and feeding efficiency were not influenced, the rumination and total chewing times increased, and the leisure time decreased, both linearly. Milk yield was not influenced by substitution levels, but corrected milk yield to 3.5% fat decreased. Sugar cane represents a dietary alternative for goats with medium milk yield in critical periods of forage, since it does not change the consumption of DM and milk yield, even with the apparent declining digestibility of some nutrients, influencing the ingestive behavior of the animals.

“…It is also known that diets with low-quality bulk produce higher amounts of heat and incur higher energy costs in the production process. Thus, one way of diminishing the negative effects of sugarcane fibre quality in the diets of high-production cows would be to increase the use of concentrates, but with caution, as mentioned in the literature (Gonzalez et al ., 2012; Souza et al ., 2017). Another strategy for using sugarcane in the diets of high-production cows would be to mix maize silage (500 : 500 g/kg DM) with the objective of improving the fibre quality of the diet and maximizing the use of maize silage in the herd, in order to maintain the production and quality of milk due to qualitative factors of the roughage (sucrose and starch) used in the diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity and physiological response of lactating Holstein cows to sugarcane supplementation and evaporative cooling under heat-stress

Campos¹,

Conceição

Sarmento³

et al. 2018

J. Agric. Sci.

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of sugarcane and maize silage mixture v. maize silage in diets of Holstein cows and investigate performance under two environmental conditions. The cows were placed in freestalls, with individuals and stalls assigned to one of four treatments according to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 20-day periods divided into 11 days of adaptation (wash-out period) and 9 days of collection. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design: total diets (maize silage (MS-based diet), the roughage mixture (RM-based diet, sugarcane : maize silage, 500 : 500 g/kg DM) plus concentrate); environmental conditions (with (W) and without (Wo) fan and nebulizers); and measurement times (09.40 and 14.00 h). The temperature and relative humidity was higher at 14.00 h and contributed to increased temperature-humidity index (76.6, W v. 75.9, Wo). Feed dry matter intake (DMI) was similar between diets (20.2 kg/day), but milk production and feed efficiency were lower with RM. Under W conditions, higher fat content and total solids of milk were observed with the RM-based diet, while crude protein and lactose were higher with MS. The Wo conditions increased body surface temperature (BS) in cows fed MS. The rectal temperature (RT) was higher with RM. The BS, RT and respiratory rate were higher at 14.00 h (34.9, 38.6 °C and 58.2 breaths/min) than at 09.40 h. The RM-based diet maintained DMI and milk composition, but not milk production. The use of the cooling system led to higher DMI and feed N efficiency use.