Effect of sulfate and nitrate on acetate conversion by anaerobic microorganisms in a freshwater sediment

Scholten, Johannes C. M.; Bodegom, Peter M. van; Vogelaar, J.C.T.; Ittersum, Alexander van; Hordijk, Kees; Roelofsen, Wim; Stams, Alfons Johannes Maria

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb01027.x

Cited by 56 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…We are not aware of other published values of anaerobic nitrate-reducing bacterial numbers from sea ice but, although not quantified, bacterial strains of denitrifying species have been isolated from Antarctic sea ice (Gosink and Staley 1995;Bowman et al 1997). However, bacterial numbers from the Young Sound ice compare with numbers reported from sediments where active denitrification activity takes place (Dultseva and Odintsov 1991;Scholten et al 2002). Furthermore, they compare with reported values of total bacterial numbers from Arctic sea ice (0.4-36.7 ϫ 10 5 cells ml Ϫ1 sea ice; Gradinger and Zhang 1997 and references therein) and our findings suggest that anaerobic nitrate-reducing bacteria may account for a substantial fraction of the total bacterial assemblage in sea ice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Anaerobic N₂ production in Arctic sea ice

Rysgaard¹,

Glud

2004

Limnology & Oceanography

177

120

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We quantified anaerobic N 2 production through bacterial denitrification and anaerobic NH oxidation (anammox) ϩ 4 in first-year ice from Young Sound (74ЊN) and in an ice floe off Northeast Greenland (79ЊN). Bacterial denitrification activity (100-300 nmol N L Ϫ1 sea ice d Ϫ1) occurred in the lower 0.5 m of the sea ice, which had high concentrations of NO , NH , and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Despite sea-ice algal production in the lower sea-ice layers,heterotrophic activity resulted in a net O 2 consumption of 13 mol O 2 L Ϫ1 sea ice d Ϫ1 in the lower 0.5-m ice layers. Together with melting of deoxygenated ice crystals, this led to anoxic conditions in the brine system favoring conditions for anaerobic NO reduction. Numbers of anaerobic NO -reducing bacteria in the same ice layers werehigh (1.1 ϫ 10 5 cells ml Ϫ1 sea ice, corresponding to 1.2 ϫ 10 6 cells ml Ϫ1 brine). Area-integrated denitrification rates were 10-45 mol N m Ϫ2 sea ice d Ϫ1 , which corresponds to 7-50% of the sediment activity in the area. Although the proportion of anammox to total N 2 production was up to 19% in layers of the ice floe from the Greenland Sea, the integrated rate only accounted for 0-5% of total NO reduction at the investigated localities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Anaerobic N₂ production in Arctic sea ice

Rysgaard¹,

Glud

2004

Limnology & Oceanography

177

120

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“…Evidence suggests that the some of these electron donors can stimulate SRB in freshwater systems (e.g. Scholten et al, 2002;Schönheit et al, 1982;Westermann and Ahring, 1987), but not the SRB involved in AOM in marine sediments. Sørensen et al (2001) argue that interspecies H 2 transfer is thermodynamically constrained and therefore unlikely to be important in marine sediments.…”

Section: Biogeochemistry and Electron Acceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic oxidation of methane: an underappreciated aspect of methane cycling in peatland ecosystems?

2011

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Abstract.Despite a large body of literature on microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in marine sediments and saline waters and its importance to the global methane (CH 4 ) cycle, until recently little work has addressed the potential occurrence and importance of AOM in non-marine systems. This is particularly true for peatlands, which represent both a massive sink for atmospheric CO 2 and a significant source of atmospheric CH 4 . Our knowledge of this process in peatlands is inherently limited by the methods used to study CH 4 dynamics in soil and sediment and the assumption that there are no anaerobic sinks for CH 4 in these systems. Studies suggest that AOM is CH 4 -limited and difficult to detect in potential CH 4 production assays against a background of CH 4 production. In situ rates also might be elusive due to background rates of aerobic CH 4 oxidation and the difficulty in separating net and gross process rates. Conclusive evidence for the electron acceptor in this process has not been presented. Nitrate and sulfate are both plausible and favorable electron acceptors, as seen in other systems, but there exist theoretical issues related to the availability of these ions in peatlands and only circumstantial evidence suggests that these pathways are important. Iron cycling is important in many wetland systems, but recent evidence does not support the notion of CH 4 oxidation via dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction or a CH 4 oxidizing archaea in consortium with an Fe(III) reducer. Calculations based on published rates demonstrate that AOM might be a significant and underappreciated constraint on the global CH 4 cycle, although much about the process is unknown, in vitro rates may not relate well to in situ rates, and projections based on those rates are fraught with uncertainty. We suggest electron transfer mechanisms, C flow and pathways, and quantifying in situ peatland AOM rates as the highest priority topics for future research.

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“…In addition, EVV Upper lake had significantly higher concentrations of SO 2− 4 than the other lakes in the study. Competition for substrates favors sulfate reduction (SR) and methanogenesis typically does not occur until SO 2− 4 is exhausted and SR rates have decreased Klung, 1983, 1986;Scholten et al, 2002;Ward and Winfrey, 1985). However, EVV Upper lake did not have the lowest concentrations of CH 4 in the water column, suggesting there were sufficient reduced carbon substrates to fuel both SR and methanogenesis.…”

Section: Spatial Variation In Aquatic Chemistry and Methane Concentramentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional summer warming leads to contrasting outcomes for methane cycling in small Arctic lakes of Greenland

2017

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Abstract. In thermally stratified lakes, the greatest annual methane emissions typically occur during thermal overturn events. In July of 2012, Greenland experienced significant warming that resulted in substantial melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet and enhanced runoff events. This unusual climate phenomenon provided an opportunity to examine the effects of short-term natural heating on lake thermal structure and methane dynamics and compare these observations with those from the following year, when temperatures were normal. Here, we focus on methane concentrations within the water column of five adjacent small lakes on the icefree margin of southwestern Greenland under open-water and ice-covered conditions from 2012-2014. Enhanced warming of the epilimnion in the lakes under open-water conditions in 2012 led to strong thermal stability and the development of anoxic hypolimnia in each of the lakes. As a result, during open-water conditions, mean dissolved methane concentrations in the water column were significantly (p < 0.0001) greater in 2012 than in 2013. In all of the lakes, mean methane concentrations under ice-covered conditions were significantly (p < 0.0001) greater than under open-water conditions, suggesting spring overturn is currently the largest annual methane flux to the atmosphere. As the climate continues to warm, shorter ice cover durations are expected, which may reduce the winter inventory of methane and lead to a decrease in total methane flux during ice melt. Under openwater conditions, greater heat income and warming of lake surface waters will lead to increased thermal stratification and hypolimnetic anoxia, which will consequently result in increased water column inventories of methane. This stored methane will be susceptible to emissions during fall overturn, which may result in a shift in greatest annual efflux of methane from spring melt to fall overturn. The results of this study suggest that interannual variation in ground-level air temperatures may be the primary driver of changes in methane dynamics because it controls both the duration of ice cover and the strength of thermal stratification.

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Effect of sulfate and nitrate on acetate conversion by anaerobic microorganisms in a freshwater sediment

Cited by 56 publications

References 55 publications

Anaerobic N₂ production in Arctic sea ice

Anaerobic N₂ production in Arctic sea ice

Anaerobic oxidation of methane: an underappreciated aspect of methane cycling in peatland ecosystems?

Exceptional summer warming leads to contrasting outcomes for methane cycling in small Arctic lakes of Greenland

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Effect of sulfate and nitrate on acetate conversion by anaerobic microorganisms in a freshwater sediment

Cited by 56 publications

References 55 publications

Anaerobic N2 production in Arctic sea ice

Anaerobic N2 production in Arctic sea ice

Anaerobic oxidation of methane: an underappreciated aspect of methane cycling in peatland ecosystems?

Exceptional summer warming leads to contrasting outcomes for methane cycling in small Arctic lakes of Greenland

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Product

Resources

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Anaerobic N₂ production in Arctic sea ice

Anaerobic N₂ production in Arctic sea ice