Effect of Sulfur and Zirconium on the Machinability and Mechanical Properties of AISI 1045 Steels

Bhattacharya, Debanshu

doi:10.1007/bf02643478

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Manganese sulfide (MnS) inclusion is a common particle in steel, and MnS with good morphology can not only avoid anisotropy in mechanical properties [1][2][3] and improve the cutting ability of the steel, [4,5] such as free-cutting steel, non-quenched and tempered steel, and gear steel, etc. However, how to regulate the morphology of MnS and improve its beneficial effect in steel has become an attractive issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation, Growth, Sintering, and Densification of Sulfide in 1215MS Free‐Cutting Steel Billet

Tian

Liu

Shen

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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Herein, the nucleation, growth, aggregation, sintering, and densification of sulfide in 1215MS free-cutting steel billet with a total oxygen concentration of 70 ppm are investigated. A portion of oxygen in the steel dissolves in sulfide to form oxysulfide, Mn(S,O), which can be single-particle spherelike (SPS), doubleparticle rodlike (DPR), and multi-particle rodlike (MPR), and SiO 2 can precipitate at the outer edge of the SPS and connection in the DPR and MPR inclusion particles to form Mn(S,O)-SiO 2 inclusion, which is formed by the change of liquid inclusion, that undergoes monotectic reaction to form oxides and oxysulfide. The possible phase-transition process can be expressed as (Mn,Si) x (S, O) y (l) ! Mn(S,O)(l ! s) þ (Mn,Si) x O y (s) ! Mn(S,O)(s) þ SiO 2 (s). Oxysulfide inclusions can aggregate under the influence of van der Waals and viscous drag forces. The larger the particle, the greater the critical spacing and aggregation force. MPR oxysulfide can be divided into three parts: droplet, flat surface, and neck, which have decreasing chemical potentials in turn. Sintering and densification occur after the aggregation of particles, where surface diffusion of elements dominates, while grain boundary diffusion and bulk diffusion dominate in the densification of particles. Meanwhile, the formation and evolution of five different morphologies of sulfides in 1215MS free-cutting steels are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation, Growth, Sintering, and Densification of Sulfide in 1215MS Free‐Cutting Steel Billet

Tian

Liu

Shen

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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“…Zr can combine with S to form Zr 3 S 4 in steels. [20,83] Zr sulfides (mainly Zr 3 S 4 ) with a plate-like shape changed to globular (Zr,Mn) 3 S 4 with the molar ratio of Zr/Mn of 0.4%3.5. All of the sulfide precipitates were observed in an interdendritic space.…”

Section: Zirconium (Zr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong sulfide-forming elements are added to form more stable sulfide inclusions which have high melting points during the secondary refining process. [17] These elements include Ca, [18] Mg, [19] Zr, [20] rare earth elements, [1] and so on. In addition, electromagnetic stirring and electropulsing treatment are applied to modify the solidification conditions of the molten steel and then change the nucleation and growth of MnS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐of‐the‐Art in the Control of Sulfides in Steels

Gao,

Zhang

2023

steel research int.

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Sulfides like MnS are common phases in resulfurized free‐cutting steels, and required to be controlled during the hot working process due to its influence on machinability, mechanical and physical properties of final products. This article extensively reviews published researchs on sulfides in resulfurized free‐cutting steels. The formation mechanism and modification of MnS during steelmaking, casting, and heat treatment are discussed based on a number of relevant studies. Measures to control the morphology and number of sulfides are supplied, which are beneficial for the producing of resulfurized free‐cutting steels with high quality. Thermodynamic calculation proves to be an effective method to predict and control sulfides.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…Zirconium sulphide is much more refractory than manganese sulphide and is virtually undeformable during hot rolling [4]. The literature suggests that the optimal combination of higher sulphur content to improve machinability and zirconium for better impact characteristics provides the steel with acceptable machinability and ductility criteria [5]. It has been observed that even a small amount of zirconium causes clusters of sulphide, nitride, and oxide inclusions in cast steel; this could indicate the effect of ZrO2 on nucleus formation for the rest of the inclusions [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Austenite Stainless Steel Microalloyed With Tellurium and Zirconium

Mujagić

Imamović

Hadažalić

2021

JST&M

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Stainless steel X8CrNiS18-9 (standard EN 10088-3: 2005) is the most commonly used austenitic stainless steel due to its good machinability. This steel has high mechanical and working properties thanks to complex alloying, primarily with the elements such as chromium and nickel. The content of sulfur present in the steel from 0.15 to 0.35% improves machinability. Microalloying with tellurium and zirconium (individually and in combination) in most cases leads to improved properties of this stainless steel, compared to melt without alloying additives, e.g. the melt microalloyed with tellurium and especially melt microalloyed with zirconium and tellurium has significantly better machinability compared to the melt without alloying elements. The addition of sulfur, which is the cheapest available additive for free machining, will impair not only the transverse strength and toughness but also the corrosion resistance. However, while sulfur improves machinability at the same time decreases the mechanical properties, particularly toughness. This work aims to test the machinability, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties of the mentioned steel, as well as the chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions.

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Effect of Sulfur and Zirconium on the Machinability and Mechanical Properties of AISI 1045 Steels

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Nucleation, Growth, Sintering, and Densification of Sulfide in 1215MS Free‐Cutting Steel Billet

Nucleation, Growth, Sintering, and Densification of Sulfide in 1215MS Free‐Cutting Steel Billet

State‐of‐the‐Art in the Control of Sulfides in Steels

Properties of Austenite Stainless Steel Microalloyed With Tellurium and Zirconium

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