Effect of sulfur in different valence on flame retardance of epoxy resin for light emitting diode

Luo, Cheng; Nan, Chuang; Zuo, Jianhong; Lin, Feng

doi:10.1002/app.50271

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It was observed that the peak at 2389 cm −1 on DOPO and the peak at 1695 cm −1 on terephthalaldehyde disappeared at APH, and the double band at 3376 cm −1 in 1,5-diaminonaphthalene became a single broad resolution in the APH band [31]. The center was at 3400 cm −1 and the absorption peaks of the P-C and P-O-C bonds were at 760 cm −1 and 1203 cm −1 of APH, respectively, suggesting that aminomethylation occurred during the reaction [32,33]. Figure 1b showed the SEM images of APH.…”

Section: Materials Characterization Of Aphmentioning

confidence: 97%

Preparation of Naphthalene-Based Flame Retardant for High Fire Safety and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin

Huang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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One of the current challenges in the development of flame retardants is the preparation of an environmentally friendly multi-element synergistic flame retardant to improve the flame retardancy, mechanical performance, and thermal performance of composites. This study synthesized an organic flame retardant (APH) using (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH-550), 1,4-phthalaadehyde, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as raw materials, through the Kabachnik-Fields reaction. Adding APH to epoxy resin (EP) composites could greatly improve their flame retardancy. For instance, UL-94 with 4 wt% APH/EP reached the V-0 rating and had an LOI as high as 31.2%. Additionally, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), average heat release rate (AvHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke produced (TSP) of 4% APH/EP were 34.1%, 31.8%, 15.2%, and 38.4% lower than EP, respectively. The addition of APH improved the mechanical performance and thermal performance of the composites. After adding 1% APH, the impact strength increased by 15.0%, which was attributed to the good compatibility between APH and EP. The TG and DSC analyses revealed that the APH/EP composites that incorporated rigid naphthalene ring groups had higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) and a higher amount of char residue (C700). The pyrolysis products of APH/EP were systematically investigated, and the results revealed that flame retardancy of APH was realized by the condensed-phase mechanism. APH has good compatibility with EP, excellent thermal performance, enhanced mechanical performance and rational flame retardancy, and the combustion products of the as-prepared composites complied with the green and environmental protection standards which are also broadly applied in industry.

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Section: Materials Characterization Of Aphmentioning

confidence: 97%

Preparation of Naphthalene-Based Flame Retardant for High Fire Safety and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin

Huang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…[33][34][35] In addition, the high phosphorus content of organophosphates was considered to be a requirement for efficient flame retardants. [36][37][38] However, more and more reports showed that the structure of flame retardants also had an important impact on the flame retardancy of EP. [32,[39][40][41][42] Yoon et al showed that one can enhance the efficiency of flame retardants even with a relatively low phosphorus content by tuning the dynamics and the intermolecular interactions of flame retardants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the high phosphorus content of organophosphates was considered to be a requirement for efficient flame retardants. [ 36–38 ] However, more and more reports showed that the structure of flame retardants also had an important impact on the flame retardancy of EP. [ 32,39–42 ] Yoon et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Chemical Structure on the Flame Retardant Mechanism and Mechanical Properties of Flame‐Retardant Epoxy Resin Thermosets

Liu

Zhao

Cui

et al. 2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Two types of isomeric bi‐DOPO（9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenan threne‐10‐oxide） flame retardants named DHK（6,6’‐((4,6’‐dihydroxy‐[1,1’‐biphenyl]‐3,3’‐diyl)bis(propane‐3,1‐diyl))bis(dibenzo[c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinine 6‐oxide)） and DMG (6,6’‐((6,6’‐dihydroxy‐[1,1’‐biphenyl]‐3,3’‐diyl) bis (propane‐3,1‐diyl)) bis (dibenzo [c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinine 6‐oxide)） are successfully prepared and their flame retardant properties are investigated. Although they have the same phosphorus content, the corresponding thermoset DHK/Epoxy resins (EP) and DMG/EP show different flame retardancy. The flame retardant mechanism is compared by thermal analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared (TG‐FTIR), residue FTIR, elemental analysis, Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cone calorimetry. More phosphorus remains in the residue of DHK/EP which suggests better‐condensed phase flame retardancy than that of DMG/EP. However, DMG shows a better flame inhibition effect than that of DHK. The results of mean square displacement, free volume fraction, and cohesive energy density in molecular dynamics simulations show that the weakening of the movement ability of the DMG/EP molecular segments should be the reason for the increase in toughness. This shows that although flame retardants possess the same composition, their structure will also affect their flame retardant mechanism and properties, which provide a guide for the design and preparation of high‐efficiency flame retardants.

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“…Epoxy is one of the most important thermosets. It has been widely used in various fields such as coatings, 1 electronic packaging, 2 advanced composites, 3 and so forth. It is outstanding in thermal and mechanical properties, chemical resistance, dimensional stability, and good processability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon fiber/epoxy vitrimer composite patch cured with bio‐based curing agents for one‐step repair metallic sheet and its recyclability

Lorwanishpaisarn

Kasemsiri

Srikhao

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Vitrimers have gained a great deal of attention from researchers, yet research on its application is still lacking. This study, a novel bio-based vitrimer was developed from epoxy (EP) and bio-based curing agents, that is, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and citric acid (CA), and then reinforced by carbon fiber.The vitrimers with different ratios of acid to epoxy (R ratio) at 0.30-0.40 contained ester and ether linkages. All EP/CA/CNSL vitrimers showed the stress relaxation over 70-100 C due to transesterification. The vitrimers were applied as polymer matrices for the carbon fiber composites and then used as repair patches. By using the carbon fiber-reinforced vitrimer with the R ratio of 0.30, patch repair on a damaged alloy sheet revealed that approximately 98% of the tensile strength of the damaged alloy sheet was recovered. The vitrimer can be dissolved from carbon fiber composite to recover carbon fiber. The recovered carbon fiber retained good tensile strength compared to the pristine composite.Based on this study, the EP/CA/CNSL vitrimers showed the comparable thermomechanical properties with the epoxy vitrimer cured by the petroleumbased curing agent. The vitrimer composite patch could therefore be an alternative new repair method to extend the service life of damaged structures.

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Effect of sulfur in different valence on flame retardance of epoxy resin for light emitting diode

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Preparation of Naphthalene-Based Flame Retardant for High Fire Safety and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin

Preparation of Naphthalene-Based Flame Retardant for High Fire Safety and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin

Influence of the Chemical Structure on the Flame Retardant Mechanism and Mechanical Properties of Flame‐Retardant Epoxy Resin Thermosets

Carbon fiber/epoxy vitrimer composite patch cured with bio‐based curing agents for one‐step repair metallic sheet and its recyclability

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