Effect of Sulfur on Bio-Modified Rubberized Bitumen

Zhou, Tao; Xie, Sainan; Kabir, Sk Faisal; Cao, Liping; Fini, Elham H.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122034

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This condition is due to the shift of the bitumen structure from sol-type to gel, at which a strong colloidal structure is generated due to the high concentration and volume of resins and asphaltenes, resulting in a change in the bitumen's viscoelastic behaviour, hence enhancing its high-temperature performance [56,58,80]. This result agreed with previous studies that found that adding PPA to CR, SBS/SBR and DRMA can improve the hightemperature performance of the composite bitumen [16,31,59,72]. PPA also helped to enhance the stiffness of CLNR through the process of deagglomeration and conversion of resins into asphaltenes with even dispersion within the maltene matrix [20].…”

Section: Polyphosphoric Acidsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The same concentration of sulphur (10% by base bitumen weight) was blended at a shear speed of 3000 rpm at 180 • C for 30 min, with the bitumen produced having a high sulphur content [52,71]. Zhou et al [59] added 10% sulphur to bio-modified rubberised (BMR) bitumen at a temperature of 155 ± 5 • C for 30 min using a mixer at 1000 rpm. Das and Panda [72] added 2% of sulphur to bitumen at various temperatures ranging from 100 to 160 • C, with a 10 • C increment for various mixing times of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min.…”

Section: Sulphurmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Additives in Natural Rubber-Modified Bitumen: A Review

et al. 2023

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Conventional bitumen pavement is no longer suitable for handling increasing loads and weather variations, which cause road deterioration, Thus, the modification of bitumen has been suggested to counter this issue. This study provides a detailed assessment of various additives for modifying natural rubber-modified bitumen used in road construction. This work will focus on the use of additives with cup lump natural rubber (CLNR), which has recently started to gain attention among researchers, especially in rubber-producing countries such as Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. Furthermore, this paper aims to briefly review how the addition of additives or modifiers helps elevate the performance of bitumen by highlighting the significant properties of modified bitumen after the addition of modifiers. Moreover, the amount and method of application of each additive are discussed further to obtain the optimum value for future implementation. On the basis of past studies, this paper will review the utilisation of several types of additives, including polyphosphoric acid, Evotherm, mangosteen powder, trimethyl-quinoline and sulphur, and the application of xylene and toluene to ensure the homogeneity of the rubberised bitumen. Numerous studies were conducted to verify the performance of various types and compositions of additives, particularly in terms of physical and rheological properties. In general, additives enhance the properties of conventional bitumen. Future research should investigate CLNR because studies on its utilisation are limited.

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Section: Polyphosphoric Acidsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Sulphurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Additives in Natural Rubber-Modified Bitumen: A Review

et al. 2023

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“…The blending of sulfur and rubberized bitumen was performed at 135 °C for 30 min (Table 1). 35 Bio-oils were derived from waste biomass such as wood pellets (WP) by a hydrothermal liquefaction process as described elsewhere. 36−38 Waste vegetable oil (WVO) was obtained from Mahoney Environmental Inc., Phoenix, AZ, a processing facility for waste cooking oil; it was also tested elsewhere as a bitumen modifier.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Implications of Regenerative Sulfur Blooms in Bituminous Composites

Mousavi

Hung

Fini

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This paper investigates hydrophobic and self-regenerative characteristics of sulfur blooms at the surface of bituminous composites. It further examines the implication of sulfur blooms in the sustainability of outdoor construction elements containing bituminous composites. The occurrence of the abovementioned sulfur blooms is reported for the first time in this paper. The recent restriction on gaseous emissions from marine fuels has led refineries to remove sulfur from marine fuels resulting in a significant surplus of sulfur, some of which has been incorporated into bitumen such as the one studied here. Our study showed that over a period of several days sulfur blooms on the bitumen surface in millimeter-sized patches of microscale crystals. It was observed that blooms are regenerative and become more prevalent as bitumen goes through the oxidative aging process. Contact-angle measurements show that the bloom imparts roughness-enhanced hydrophobicity to the bitumen surface. We further studied the hydrophobicity of sulfur crystals using density functional theory (DFT). It was found that sulfur repels water molecules; water molecules were unable to make strong H-bonds with sulfur due to the lower electronegativity of sulfur atoms compared to oxygen atoms. It was also shown that sulfur has good interactions with polyaromatics such as those found in bitumen, which in turn deters sulfur crystallization. Reduced crystallization allows sulfur to easily migrate to the surface of bitumen and generate sulfur blooms patches. Due to the hydrophobic properties of sulfur blooms, the latter phenomenon can lead to a self-cleaning surface layer, which is continuously self-regenerated, while sulfur supply last in bitumen bulks provide that it is not crystallized. The study outcome promotes the sustainability of bituminous composites while increasing their durability and valorizing waste sulfur.

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“…This was attributed to the presence of the many unsaturated compounds in vegetable oil that could react with sulfur. 110 Wang et al investigated the antifatigue, antimoisture, anticracking, and antirutting performance of a rejuvenator from cotton. They concluded that the anticracking performance was restored to the original value.…”

Section: Physical Aging Of Bitumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bitumen with bio-oil from vegetable oil was the case most influenced by sulfur in curing rate, elasticity, and percent recovery. This was attributed to the presence of the many unsaturated compounds in vegetable oil that could react with sulfur …”

Section: Physical Aging Of Bitumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Directions for Applications of Bio-Oils in the Asphalt Industry: A Step to Sequester Carbon in Roadway Infrastructure

2023

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The global emphasis on sustainability and net zero carbon roads combined with the increased cost of crude oil has necessitated the application of new environmentally friendly alternatives to the bitumen used in asphalt by the pavement industry. Physical aging, chemical aging, and moisture damage are three important matters encountered in the pavement industry that are harmful for asphalt; bio-oils can decelerate the rates of physical aging and chemical aging in virgin bitumen, and bio-oils can substantially improve virgin bitumen’s resistance to moisture damage. Bio-oils can also restore properties in environmentally damaged asphalt up to a certain limit of aging. The main goal of this review is a comprehensive analysis of the literature about the potential of bio-oils produced from different biomass sources to influence the physical aging, chemical aging, and moisture damage of asphalt. Considering that bitumen’s physical aging is highly impacted by the bitumen’s wax content, this review also covers the effect of wax inherently present in bitumen or wax added to bitumen as a modifier. It is concluded that the chemical composition of a bio-oil has a significant impact on the bio-oil’s ability to protect or recover the bitumen’s original properties. Phenolic compounds found in bio-oils have antiaging effects while bio-oils’ acidic compounds may lead to moisture susceptibility.According to the literature, most bio-oils have positive effects only in a specific range of temperatures: low, intermediate, or high. Complete miscibility and dispersion of a bio-oil in the asphalt matrix also have a significant influence on making a bio-oil an effective modifier. Generally, bio-oils are promising as sustainable, carbon-neutral, cost-effective alternatives to replace or modify conventional bitumen in the pavement industry. This review has identified the following critical research gaps: (1) the lack of standard methods for evaluating and reporting the performance characteristics of each bio-oil in bitumen; (2) the lack of long-term field performance data on bio-oils to support comprehensive life-cycle assessments and life-cycle analyses; (3) high variation among bio-oils made from the same feedstock through different processing methods, leading to variation in performance characteristics; (4) the lack of accurate technoeconomic analysis on industrial bio-oils to facilitate entry of bio-oils into the asphalt market.

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Effect of Sulfur on Bio-Modified Rubberized Bitumen

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Potential Additives in Natural Rubber-Modified Bitumen: A Review

Potential Additives in Natural Rubber-Modified Bitumen: A Review

Sustainability Implications of Regenerative Sulfur Blooms in Bituminous Composites

Future Directions for Applications of Bio-Oils in the Asphalt Industry: A Step to Sequester Carbon in Roadway Infrastructure

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