Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Parameters on the Biological Activities and Metabolites Present in Extracts from Arthrospira platensis

Abstract

Arthrospira platensis was used to obtain functional extracts through supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2). Pressure (P), temperature (T), co-solvent (CX), static extraction (SX), dispersant (Di) and dynamic extraction (DX) were evaluated as process parameters through a Plackett–Burman design. The maximum extract yield obtained was 7.48 ± 0.15% w/w. The maximum contents of bioactive metabolites in extracts were 0.69 ± 0.09 µg/g of riboflavin, 5.49 ± 0.10 µg/g of α-tocopherol, 524.46 ± 0.10 µg/g of β-carotene, 1.44 ± 0.10 µg/g of lutein and 32.11 ± 0.12 mg/g of fatty acids with 39.38% of palmitic acid, 20.63% of linoleic acid and 30.27% of γ-linolenic acid. A. platensis extracts had an antioxidant activity of 76.47 ± 0.71 µg GAE/g by Folin–Ciocalteu assay, 0.52 ± 0.02, 0.40 ± 0.01 and 1.47 ± 0.02 µmol TE/g by DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays, respectively. These extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Overall, co-solvent was the most significant factor for all measured effects (p < 0.05). Arthrospira platensis represents a sustainable source of bioactive compounds through SFE using the following extraction parameters P: 450 bar, CX: 11 g/min, SX: 15 min, DX: 25 min, T: 60 °C and Di: 35 g.

Integrated biorefinery fromArthrospira platensisbiomass as feedstock for bioethanol and lactic acid production

“…In regard to the composition of monosaccharides from depleted cyanobacterial biomass, it has been reported that these microorganisms have different types of polysaccharides, peptoglycanes in the wall cell and glycogen granules in the intracellular vesicles (Van Eykelenburg, 1977). During the SFE process, the cell wall of the cyanobacteria is broken due to the high temperature and pressure required for the process (Esquivel-Hernández et al, 2017a). This leads to the release of the different polysaccharides embedded in the cell wall.…”

“…The cyanobacterial strain Arthrospira platensis used throughout this work was cultivated as reported in (Esquivel-Hernández et al, 2017a) (Esquivel-Hernández et al, 2017b.…”

“…Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of high value metabolites from the A. platensis cells was performed according to our previous work (Esquivel-Hernández et al, 2017a).…”

Supercritical Fluid Extraction Enhances Discovery of Secondary Metabolites from Myxobacteria

“…14 Pressure and temperature have to be chosen appropriately to exceed the supercritical point of CO2 at 304.12 K and 73.7 bar. 14,15 Subsequently, they have to be kept high enough, to preserve the CO2 in supercritical state. For choosing temperature and pressure, it has to be taken into account that increasing percentage of co-solvent increases pressure and temperature required to reach the supercritical point of the mixture.…”

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lutein from Scenedesmus almeriensis

“…The literature proposes different lutein extraction technologies from S. almeriensis but the findings are not sufficient to establish a clear methodological and a defined approach for the evaluation of extraction costs, yield, and quality of the final extracts [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26].…”