Effect of Superphosphate and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae on Phosphorus and Arsenic Uptake in Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)

Abstract

Arsenic (As)-contaminated irrigation water is responsible for high As levels in soils and crops in many parts of the world, particularly in the Bengal Delta, Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. While arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi markedly improve phosphorus (P) uptake, they can also alleviate metal toxicity. In this study, the effects of superphosphate and inoculation with the AM fungus Glomus mosseae on P and As uptake of lentil were investigated. Plant height, shoot dry weight, shoot/root P concentration, and shoot P content increased due to mycorrhizal inoculation. However, As concentration in roots/ shoots and root As content were reduced, plant height, shoot dry weight, shoot/root P concentration/ content, and root As concentration and content increased due to superphosphate application. Root P concentration decreased with increasing As concentration. It was apparent that As concentration and content in shoots/roots increased with increasing As concentration in irrigation water. Superphosphate interaction with G. mosseae reduced the role of mycorrhizal infection in terms of enhancing P nutrition and reducing uptake of potentially toxic As into plant parts. The role and relationship of mycorrhizal in respect of P nutrition and As remediation efficiency in plant parts was established. In conclusion, it was worth alluding to that lentil with AM fungal inoculation can reduce As uptake and improve P nutrition. However, in retrospect superphosphate increased P and As uptake and decreased the role of the mycorrhizal association. This resulted in stimulating increased P uptake while decreasing As uptake in lentil.

Pollution Control and Remediation of the Tanning Effluent

“…However, the future use of indigenous organisms as biosensors should enable exploration of adaptability and acquired resistance over time to pollutants in such areas. Thus the potential of remediation has been made for other trace metals such as Arsenic on lentil plants where uptake was demonstrated [40].…”

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) and reduction of arsenic uptake in lentil crops

“…According to the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) priority list of hazardous substances, As has been designated as the number one hazardous substance in the United States (Leung et al, 2013). Moreover, As contamination has been reported worldwide in Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Chile, China, Hungary, Mexico, Peru, Thailand, and Vietnam (Ahmed et al, 2011). However, the most severe As contamination to surface soil, water, and humans is currently in Asia, particularly Bangladesh, (Ahmed et al, 2011) West Bengal and India (Ahmed et al, 2006).…”

“…Moreover, As contamination has been reported worldwide in Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Chile, China, Hungary, Mexico, Peru, Thailand, and Vietnam (Ahmed et al, 2011). However, the most severe As contamination to surface soil, water, and humans is currently in Asia, particularly Bangladesh, (Ahmed et al, 2011) West Bengal and India (Ahmed et al, 2006).…”

“…Arsenite As(III) and arsenate As(V) both are present in wheat crops due to accumulation from soils to shoots and grains (Cubadda et al, 2010). In addition, the extensive use of pesticides, fertilizer, groundwater and industrial wastewater for irrigation purposes in crop fields has resulted in elevated levels of As in soils, and thus increased As uptake in rice, lentil and vegetables (Ahmed et al, 2011). Consequently, many food crops have become hazardous including Lentil, which is a major leguminous crop across the world.…”

“…In this circumstance, mycorrhizal symbioses are significantly highlighted because they are formed by 90% of higher plants, often with increased uptake of phosphate (P) compared with non-mycorrhizal (NM) counterparts (Smith et al, 2010). It is clear that the association of AMF inoculation with lentil crops might reduce As uptake by various mechanisms (Ahmed et al, 2011). The high proportion of inorganic species of As (As i ) is of particular concern to the human carcinogen through the protein sources of lentil crops.…”