Effect of Supplementing Bypass Fat on Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Chemical Parameters of Ghee in Crossbred Cows

Feed additives in the diet of high-producing dairy cows

“…According to Lohrenz et al [2010], the use of rumen-protected fat in the diet of dairy cows in the first stage of lactation, in addition to improving the energy balance and increasing milk yield (by about 0.9 kg per day), causes a decrease (by 0.1-0.3%) in the protein content of the milk. An increase in the yield of cows as well as the fat content in milk following supplementation with rumen-protected fat has also been demonstrated by Sirohi et al [2010], Veena et al [2018] and Mobeen et al [2019]. Veena et al [2018] reported increased milk production by 1.84 kg per day and an increase in milk fat content by 0.26 pp.…”

“…An increase in the yield of cows as well as the fat content in milk following supplementation with rumen-protected fat has also been demonstrated by Sirohi et al [2010], Veena et al [2018] and Mobeen et al [2019]. Veena et al [2018] reported increased milk production by 1.84 kg per day and an increase in milk fat content by 0.26 pp. Reis et al [2012] showed that the addition of calcium salts of polyunsaturated fatty acids to the diet of cows increased the level of progesterone in the blood, helping to maintain pregnancy in the first few days after insemination.…”

“…The occurrence of acidosis, ketosis, or hypocalcaemia at the start of lactation often leads to early culling of the cow from the herd. Studies have shown that the rational use of feed additives in the diet of cows improves their longevity and reduces the use of energy and protein for milk production, which improves economic outcomes while also helping to protect the natural environment by reducing the excretion of undigested nutrients and the emission of harmful gases [Chung et al 2007, Sirohi et al 2010, Cannizzo et al 2012, Pan et al 2016, Veena et al 2018, Mobeen et al 2019. The proper use of feed additives in the diet of high-producing cows is a challenge, due to their wide assortment and spectrum of activity.…”

Factors affecting the milk yield, milk composition and physico-chemical parameters of ghee in lactating crossbred cows

“…For instance, RM value is substantially a measure of the lower chain volatile water soluble fatty acids i.e butyric acid (C 4:0 ) and caproic acid (C 6:0 ) whereas Polenske value is a measure of lower chain volatile water insoluble fatty acids i.e caprylic acid (C 8:0 ) and capric acid (C 10:0 ). Butyrorefractometer (BR) reading, which measures the index of refraction between air and the liquid fat and varies with the nature of the fat, is usually determined at 40 o C (Veena et al 2018;Veena et al 2020). However, the composition of milk as well as fatty acid composition is largely affected by various factors i.e., lactation stage, lactation number, breed, season and environmental factors.…”