Effect of Supplementing Dairy Goat Diets With Rapeseed Oil or Sunflower Oil on Performance, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and in vitro Fermentation Kinetics

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing dairy goat diets with rapeseed oil and sunflower oil on performance, milk composition, milk fatty acid profile, and in vitro fermentation kinetics. Nine Danish Landrace goats with 42 ± 5 days in milk were allocated to three treatment groups for 42 days. Animals received a basal diet, formulated with 85:15 forage:concentrate ratio, and the basal diet was supplemented with either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil at 4% of dry matter. Goat milk was sampled on days 14, 21, and 42. Milk composition was similar between treatments. From day 14 to day 42, milk yield increased (1.03 vs. 1.34 kg/d), while milk fat (2.72 vs. 1.82 g/d) and total solids (11.2 vs. 9.14 %) were reduced. Compared to control and rapeseed oil, sunflower decreased (P < 0.05) C4:0 (1.56, and 1.67 vs. 1.36 g/100 g) and both oils decreased (P < 0.05) C18:3n3 (0.60 vs. 0.20 and 0.10 g/100g). Rapeseed oil increased (P < 0.05) C18:2 cis9, trans11 compared to control and sunflower oil (0.37 vs. 0.13 and 0.19 g/100 g). Untargeted milk foodomics revealed slightly elevated (P < 0.05) gluconic acid and decreased hippuric acid (P < 0.05) in the milk of oil-fed goats compared to control. In vitro dry matter degradation (63.2 ± 0.02 %) was not affected by dietary treatments, while individual volatile fatty acid proportions, total volatile fatty acids (35.7 ± 2.44 mmol/l), CO2 (18.6 ± 1.15 mol), and CH4 (11.6 ± 1.16 mol) were not affected by dietary treatments. Sunflower oil and rapeseed oil decreased (P < 0.05) total gas production at 24 and 48 h compared with control. Overall, the use of sunflower oil or rapeseed oil at 4% DM inclusion did not compromise animal performance and milk composition.

Temporal dynamics of volatile fatty acids profile, methane production, and prokaryotic community in an in vitro rumen fermentation system fed with maize silage

“…This technique allows researchers to have better control over the research environment and eliminate host-related factors that might affect the fermentation process, such as the rumen passage rate and absorption. Different parameters, such as TGP, VFA, CH 4 concentration and yield, dDM, and microbiome composition after fermentation, can be measured in vitro ( Sato et al, 2020 ; Dhakal et al, 2022 , 2023 ; Vargas-Bello-Pérez et al, 2022 ). The dynamics of dDM, TGP, CH 4 concentration, and yield in this study were linear with time up to 36 h, and beyond that, no variation was observed, suggesting that a fermentation with a duration over 36 h is not required.…”

“…The gas production pressure was measured every 10 min and converted to milliliter of gas produced per gram of incubated substrate. More details on this method can be found in Vargas-Bello-Pérez et al (2022) .…”

“…A 500-mg sample + 10 mg of maize silage was weighed into four 100-ml Duran ® bottles as described by Vargas-Bello-Pérez et al (2022). Each bottle was attached to an automatic in vitro gas production system (ANKOM RF Technology, Macedon, NY, 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1271599 Frontiers in Microbiology 03 frontiersin.org United States).…”

Effect of Autochthonous Nepalese Fruits on Nutrient Degradation, Fermentation Kinetics, Total Gas Production, and Methane Production in In-Vitro Rumen Fermentation

“…Volatile fatty acid determination was completed as previously reported by Vargas-Bello-Pérez [ 37 ]. To measure volatile fatty acids (VFA), 5 mL of filtered rumen fluid was collected and placed into a 7 mL test tube previously filled with a one mL metaphosphoric solution (5:1 ratio) for VFA determination.…”

Prokaryote Composition and Structure of Rumen Fluid before and after In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

“…In vitro rumen fermentation can be used to study rumen function, including the degradation of feedstuffs, fermentation kinetics, the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total gas production, the concentration and yield of methane in total gas, the activity of rumen microorganisms, and the effects of feed additives on microorganisms [7][8][9][10]. Fermentation is influenced by the feed type and inoculum source (rumen fluid) and having the same microbial composition before and after the fermentation is desirable.…”