Effect of surface fluorination on the electrochemical behavior of petroleum cokes for lithium ion battery

Coke Formation on Pt–Sn/Al2O3 Catalyst in Propane Dehydrogenation: Coke Characterization and Kinetic Study

“…The region of 2700-3000 cm -1 is supposed to be the C-H stretching in alkyl hydrocarbon [19,21,22] while the band at 3200 cm -1 is regarded as the C-H stretching in aromatics [21,22]. The intensity ratio of D band to G band is always used as an important measure of the degree of graphitization of carbon materials [23,24]. A high ratio indicates a low degree of graphitization.…”

Surface modification of carbon anodes for secondary lithium battery by fluorination

“…The larger discharge capacities than the theoretical value of graphite, 372 mAh/g were obtained for surface-fluorinated graphite samples [6][7][8][9][10]. Since synthetic graphites are often used as anodes of secondary lithium batteries, petroleum coke and those heat-treated at 1860-2800 8C were fluorinated by F 2 , ClF 3 and NF 3 and their surface structure changes and electrochemical behavior were recently investigated [11][12][13]26]. The present paper summarizes the results recently obtained for the petroleum coke samples.…”

“…Some methods of surface modification have been already applied. They are surface oxidation [3][4][5], surface fluorination [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], metal or metal oxide coating [16][17][18][19] and carbon coating [20][21][22][23][24][25]. It has been shown that surface fluorination increases the discharge capacities of natural graphite samples with different particle sizes [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Surface-Fluorinated Carbon Materials for Supercapacitor

“…[20][21][22][23]. However, fluorinated carbon materials have been investigated less frequently as supercapacitor electrodes than as electrodes for other batteries.…”