Effect of surface modification of electrochemically oxidized carbon fibers by grafting hydroxyl and amine functionalized hyperbranched polyurethanes on interlaminar shear strength of epoxy composites

Andideh, Mohammad; Esfandeh, Masoud

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.07.035

Cited by 91 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…hydroxyl or amine, as a termination for polyurethane prepolymers. [8][9][10][11][12] However, the low loading capability of the functionalities and the decreased molecular weight of the polyurethanes are two main disadvantages for the chain termination methods. Alternatively, functional groups can be directly introduced into polyurethane hard-segment by using chain extenders with pendant desirable functionalities as a functional building block.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of polyurethanes with pendant azide groups attached on the soft segments and the surface modification with mPEG by click chemistry for antifouling applications

et al. 2018

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of polyurethanes with pendant azide groups attached on the soft segments and the surface modification with mPEG by click chemistry for antifouling applications

et al. 2018

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“…The C1s peaks of untreated HMCF are resolved into three component peaks: C=C bond of graphite structure (284.6 ev), C – C bond of amorphous carbon (285.2–285.4 ev), and C–OH bond (286.1–286.3ev). The C1s spectra of HMCF‐a shows two new bonds: C–N (285.7 ev) and C=O (287.3–287.6 ev). The C1s spectra of HMCF‐b, HMCF‐aa, HMCF‐bb, and HMCF‐ab shows another two new bonds: ‐CO‐NH 2 (288.0–288.2 ev), ‐COOH (288.9–289.1 ev).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on multistage anodization for high‐modulus carbon fiber

You

et al. 2019

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Because of the strong chemical inertness of high‐modulus carbon fiber (HMCF), the surface treatment of HMCF becomes less effective. In this work, multistage anodization method was applied to modify HMCF. NH4HCO3 and (NH4)2SO4 were used as electrolytes to study the influence of electrolyte type on the oxidation effect in the multistage oxidation process. The HMCF was treated by multistage anodization in the following three ways: NH4HCO3 → NH4HCO3, (NH4)2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4, and NH4HCO3 → (NH4)2SO4. In order to compare with the multistage anodization methods, HMCF was also anodized by NH4HCO3 and (NH4)2SO4 using single anodization method, respectively. The treated HMCFs were characterized in detail using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and dynamic contact angle analysis, respectively. The results of XPS exhibited that HMCF modified by multistage anodization showed more functional groups on its surface. More sp2 hybridized bonds were converted into sp3 hybridized bonds after modification by multistage anodization, especially when (NH4)2SO4 was used as electrolyte. The results of SEM/AFM indicated that HMCF modified by multistage showed a greater surface roughness. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was used to observe the interfacial properties of HMCF between epoxy resin. The results showed that ILSS of untreated carbon fiber composite was only 27.3 MPa; it was increased to 71.8 and 78.6 MPa after treated with single anodization by NH4HCO3 and (NH4)2SO4, respectively. After modification by multistage anodization, the ILSS increased in different degrees compared with single anodization method. Especially, the ILSS reached 93.1 MPa when the method of using NH4HCO3 followed by (NH4)2SO4 was used to treat HMCF.

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“…In order to further understand the effect of crosslinking on the reconstruction of surface groups, the deconvolutions of the high‐resolution spectra of C1s basted on Gaussian–Lorentzian functions were acquired and the results were shown in Figure (a–f). For all the analyzed films except hydrated films of WFPU‐6‐0.5, five peaks were obtained which corresponding to the five chemical bonding states of carbon atoms: the C‐H in aliphatic species chemical bonds (284.6 eV), carbon in ether groups/C‐O (286.2 eV) bonds, ester groups/O‐C=O bonds (287.9 eV), urea and urethane groups/NCON and N‐COO bonds (289.5 eV), and fluorinated groups/C‐F 3 (293.6 eV) . For the hydrated films of WFPU‐6‐0.5, it was deconvoluted into three different regions: the aliphatic carbon region C‐H at 284.6 eV, the ether carbon region C‐O at 286.2 eV, and the urea/urethane carbon region NCON/N‐COO at 289.5 eV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of crosslinking on the surface free energy and surface reorganization of waterborne fluorinated polyurethane

Yang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To endow waterborne fluorinated polyurethanes (WFPUs), films with stable lower surface free energy and lower surface reorganization after the films contacted with water, a series of crosslinked WFPUs (CWFPUs) emulsions were prepared by adjusting the content of aziridine (AZ). The effect of crosslinking on the surface free energy, glass-transition temperature (T g ), water absorption, and surface composition of dry/hydrated WFPUs and CWFPUs films were studied by CAs test, dynamic mechanical analysis, water absorption measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When the fluorine content was 0.5%, the surface free energy of the CWFPUs films modified by 0.4% AZ content (CWFPU-6-0.5-CK0.4) reached to the lowest value of 15.76 mN m −1 which almost equaled to the surface free energy (15.45 mN m −1 ) of the dry uncrosslinked films (WFPU-6-0.5). With the increasing of AZ content, the T g, hard of hard segments of the CWFPUs films increased and the water absorption of the CWFPUs films decreased, which suggested the formation of the crosslinked network structures. The studies of the surface elements and groups composition of dry/hydrated WFPUs and CWFPUs both confirmed that the surface reorganization and the migration of fluorinated side chains were restricted by the crosslinked network structures.

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Effect of surface modification of electrochemically oxidized carbon fibers by grafting hydroxyl and amine functionalized hyperbranched polyurethanes on interlaminar shear strength of epoxy composites

Cited by 91 publications

References 48 publications

Synthesis of polyurethanes with pendant azide groups attached on the soft segments and the surface modification with mPEG by click chemistry for antifouling applications

Synthesis of polyurethanes with pendant azide groups attached on the soft segments and the surface modification with mPEG by click chemistry for antifouling applications

Study on multistage anodization for high‐modulus carbon fiber

Effect of crosslinking on the surface free energy and surface reorganization of waterborne fluorinated polyurethane

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