Effect of Surface Morphology on Crack Growth at a Sol-Gel Reinforced Epoxy/Aluminum Interface

Liu, Jiong; Chaudhury, Manoj K.; Berry, Douglas H.; Seebergh, Jill E.; Osborne, Jason W.; Blohowiak, Kay Y.

doi:10.1080/00218460600713725

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The correlation between morphology and durability of adhesive bonds is also confirmed by other studies [9,15,18,19]. These results also show that the locus of failure depends on the interaction between the oxide layer and adhesive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Environmentally friendly anodising process for structural bonding of titanium

Rico-Oller

Mertens

Kolb

et al. 2016

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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This paper evaluates the applicability of two wet-chemical treatments for structural bonding of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The anodising processes, NaTESi and N4-Process, are based on electrolytes containing sodium hydroxide and complexing agents, but while NaTESi process contains ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a particularly hazardous chemical, N4-Process is a REACh compliant electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to evaluate the oxide layer formed after the anodising processes. The long-term durability and the resultant adhesion properties on titanium were assessed by means of floating-roller-peel test. Both investigated anodising processes lead to oxide layers revealing a highly porous nanostructure (thickness between 150-600 nm) according to scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The mechanical tests lead to negligible differences between processes, performing higher peel resistance when compared to only alkaline etched samples, especially after 1000 hours ageing at 50°C and 95 % relative humidity. The results indicate that N4-Process is a promising treatment to enhance the long-term durability of bonded titanium joints, especially under hot and wet conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Environmentally friendly anodising process for structural bonding of titanium

Rico-Oller

Mertens

Kolb

et al. 2016

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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“…Optimal results were seen when the electrodes were chilled immediately following the deposition and distribution (spin coating) and allowed to dry over night at ambient pressure. Though signal intensity was seen to be related to the final gel thickness, an optimised deposited volume of 10 μL on the graphiteepoxy composite electrode was chosen as larger deposition volumes were seen to increase the instance of crack formation on the gel surface, a finding consistent with the literature [35]. Though it is possible to negate the instance of crack altogether as well as to achieve extremely high film uniformity via multiple layered depositions [36], the signal augmentation that was seen with the single deposition was not replicated when multiple layers were built up on the electrode surface.…”

Section: Optimisation and Determination Of Deposition Drying And Regmentioning

confidence: 81%

Voltammetric sensor for theophylline using sol–gel immobilized molecularly imprinted polymer particles

Bates

Valle

2014

Microchim Acta

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Sensors incorporating molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are feasible in concept though the reproducibility of such devices can be compromised by the large number of interdependent steps. For this reason, many researchers have focused on the synthesis of MIP particles only, not on their immobilization. Herein is presented a sol-gel based method for immobilization of unmodified MIP particles for use in an electrochemical sensor. The macroporous particles were prepared using precipitation-polymerization and imprinted with theophylline. The sol-gel was combined with graphite microparticles (50 μm) and the composite was deposited on the surfaced of an epoxy-graphite electrode. The sensor was then tested for its response to theophylline using differential pulse voltammetry. A limit of detection of 1 μM was observed and a relative standard deviation of 6.85 %. The electrode can be regenerated via a thermal washing process which was accompanied by an initial signal loss of 29.3 %. Any further regeneration caused a signal loss of 2.4 % only.

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“…The other was chemical etching where the alkaline-cleaned substrate was immersed in FPL solution [20] at 68 • C for 10 min. A detailed study of surface pretreatments can be found in [19].…”

Section: Materials and Surface Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) is described in [17,19]. The fracture energy G for the ADCB specimen is calculated using Kanninen's model of beam on elastic foundation [23], which has been validated by both boundary element and finite element analyses [24,25].…”

Section: Adhesion Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adhesion performance over time in a humid environment was studied using an ADCB (asymmetric double cantilever beam) wedge test. Our previous studies [19] demonstrated the applicability of the ADCB test method to investigate the strength and durability of the sol-gel reinforced epoxy/aluminum interface as a function of surface pretreatment. In the current study, the same methodology was used to investigate the effect of solgel processing conditions, including sol-gel drying time, concentration and drying humidity, on adhesion performance of the sol-gel reinforced epoxy/aluminum interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Processing Conditions on Adhesion Performance of a Sol–Gel Reinforced Epoxy/Aluminum Interface

Liu

Chaudhury

Berry

et al. 2008

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

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The Boeing sol-gel process (Boegel-EPII) is a surface preparation method for metallic substrates for adhesive bonding and painting applications. This paper describes an investigation into the effect of processing conditions on adhesion strength and durability of a sol-gel reinforced, rubber toughened epoxy/aluminum joint. Using an asymmetric double cantilever beam (ADCB) wedge test, the adhesion performance of the sol-gel reinforced epoxy/aluminum joint in a humid environment was measured as a function of sol-gel processing conditions. The sol-gel drying time, concentration and drying humidity all have an effect on adhesion performance. Prolonged drying led to a decrease in fracture energies. The critical and threshold fracture energies show different trends as sol-gel concentration varies, and better adhesion performance was observed for sol-gel dried at higher humidity compared to lower humidity. The failure modes and mechanisms were studied by XPS and SEM. Analysis of locus of failure revealed that the observed trends for adhesion performance can be explained in terms of interdiffusion of the sol-gel film and epoxy. The diffusion of the epoxy into the sol-gel layer is hypothesized to strongly depend on the degree of condensation of the sol-gel film and is directly affected by the sol-gel processing conditions.

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Effect of Surface Morphology on Crack Growth at a Sol-Gel Reinforced Epoxy/Aluminum Interface

Cited by 54 publications

References 47 publications

Environmentally friendly anodising process for structural bonding of titanium

Environmentally friendly anodising process for structural bonding of titanium

Voltammetric sensor for theophylline using sol–gel immobilized molecularly imprinted polymer particles

Effect of Processing Conditions on Adhesion Performance of a Sol–Gel Reinforced Epoxy/Aluminum Interface

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