Effect of Surfactants on the Survival and Sorption of Viruses

Chattopadhyay, Devamita; Chattopadhyay, Sandip; Lyon, William G.; Wilson, John T.

doi:10.1021/es0114097

Cited by 49 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The process was undoubtedly favored by the presence of divalent ions in our GW, but in other GW such a process can be favored by a pH below or equivalent to the viral isoelectric point. Major adhesion of viruses to the walls of different container materials has been already reported (7,29,40,42,45). Taylor et al (40) observed in a synthetic water-Poliovirus 2-polypropylene support system that when the pH fell below 7, 90% of the viral particles adhered to the supporting walls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Organic matter present in the STE might saturate sites of adsorption on the polypropylene walls, thus preventing viral adhesion. The saturation would result from a competition between the organic matter and the virus for adhesion sites (7,17,24,33). This mechanism was used to elute viruses adsorbed on membranes (27) or in protocols for concentrating viruses from water, as a lot of elution buffer contains beef extract (6,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mechanism was used to elute viruses adsorbed on membranes (27) or in protocols for concentrating viruses from water, as a lot of elution buffer contains beef extract (6,34). Another explanation could be that suspended matter in the STE could also be preferential adsorption sites for the virus (4,7,38). Here, the viruses remain in the aqueous phase but are adsorbed on suspended matter contained in the STE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Adhesion-Aggregation and Inactivation of Poliovirus 1 in Groundwater Stored in a Hydrophobic Container

Gassilloud

Gantzer

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Viral inactivation and adhesion-aggregation in water are often studied as separate phenomena. When the focus is placed on viral adhesion-aggregation, inactivation is neglected because the phenomena under investigation occur over a short period measured in days. When viral inactivation is studied, adhesion-aggregation phenomena are considered to be negligible because viral survival is traced over several days or months. In the present work, we took a global approach, examining the relative contributions of each of these processes in a complex system composed of groundwater, Poliovirus 1, and a hydrophobic container (polypropylene) maintained in a dark environment at 20°C. We demonstrated that infectious viral load fell off 2.8 log 10 during the first 20 days. During this time, adhesion was far from negligible because it accounted for most of the decline, 1.5 log 10 . Adhesion was undoubtedly favored by the presence of divalent ions in the groundwater. After 20 days, aggregation may also have been the cause of 0.66 to 0.92 log 10 of viral loss. Finally, viral inactivation was quantitatively the lowest phenomena because it only explained 0.38 to 0.64 log 10 of the viral loss. This study thus clearly demonstrated that estimates of viral survival in a given system must always take into account adhesionaggregation phenomena which may be responsible for the majority of viral loss in the aqueous phase. Adhesion and aggregation are reversible processes which may lead to an underestimation of viral load in certain studies.More than 150 serotypes of enteric viruses (gastrointestinal viruses, hepatitis A and E viruses, enteroviruses) can be transmitted to humans from environmental sources. In water, the decrease of viral particles basically depends on two processes: inactivation and adhesion-aggregation. Both of these processes lead to a real (inactivation-adhesion) or apparent (aggregation) reduction in the concentration of infectious virus in the aqueous phase.Viral inactivation results from an alteration of the viral capsid or genome. The result is a reduction in the number of infectious units which requires cell culture for quantification (16,30,39). The capacity of a virus to survive depends on its serotype and on the physical (e.g., temperature), chemical (e.g., pH and salinity), and biological (e.g., microorganisms) properties of the environment (9,13,14,18,20,32,46). For example, temperature is recognized as the principal factor affecting viral survival (20,47). Studies devoted to viral survival are classically conducted in vitro using an appropriate viral model (e.g., Poliovirus 1, Adenovirus 40 and 41, hepatitis A virus), a natural (e.g., drinking water, seawater, river water) or artificial (e.g., buffer) aqueous environment, and a container (e.g., polypropylene, glass). Viral inactivation is then defined by following the time course of infectious virus in the aqueous phase. The time required for 90% of the infectious viral units to disappear (T90) is determined when the survival curve is log linear. More generall...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adhesion-Aggregation and Inactivation of Poliovirus 1 in Groundwater Stored in a Hydrophobic Container

Gassilloud

Gantzer

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…These phages can be easily produced in large quantities (e.g., 10 15 phages in 10 L) but detected at extremely low levels (∼1 phage in 2 mL); furthermore, they are not harmful to humans and the aquatic environment. Phages are particularly useful to simulate transport and attenuation processes in saturated and un-saturated porous media, either by means of column or batch experiments in the laboratory (8,9) or field experiments in sand and gravel aquifers (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), flowing surface waters (12), waste stabilization ponds (15), or constructed wetland areas (16). Naturally occurring phages that infect fecal or patho-genic bacteria are increasingly used as contamination indicators (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Water Circulation and Contaminant Transport in Lake Geneva Using Bacteriophage Tracer Experiments and Limnological Methods

Goldscheider

Haller

Poté

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Multi-tracer tests with three types of marine bacteriophages (H4/4, H6/1, and H40/1), together with various limnological methods, including physicochemical depth profiling, surface drifters, deep current measurements, and fecal indicator bacteria analyses, have been applied to characterize water circulation and pathogen transport in the Bay of Vidy (Lake Geneva, Switzerland). The experimental program was carried out twice, first in November 2005, when the lake was stratified, and a second time during holomixis in February 2006. The bacteriophages were injected at three points at different depths, where contaminated waters enter the lake, including the outlet pipe of a wastewater treatment plant, a river, and a stormwater outlet. Thereafter, water samples were collected in the lake at 2 m depth during a 48 h sampling campaign. The results demonstrate that (i) contaminated river water spreads rapidly in the bay; (ii) a well-developed thermocline is highly effective in preventing contamination from the depth to rise up to the surface; (iii) rapid vertical mixing and pathogen transport occur under thermally homogeneous conditions; and (iv) repeated multi-tracer tests with bacteriophages are a powerful technique to assess water circulation and contaminant transport in lakes where high dilution occurs

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“…environmental factor affecting virus inactivation is temperature with lower inactivation rates at cold temperatures (Hurst et al 1980;Yates and Yates 1987;Yates et al 1985). The presence of natural organic matter has also shown to affect virus survival (Bixby and O'Brien 1979;Chattopadhyay et al 2002;Moore et al 1982). For water managers exploiting natural or managed groundwater resources it is essential that virus inactivation is understood at low temperatures and in the presence of natural organic matter as prolonged virus survival is conducive under these conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of ionic strength and organic matter on virus inactivation at low temperatures: general likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) as an alternative to least-squares parameter optimization for the fitting of virus inactivation models

et al. 2017

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This study examined how the inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 in water was affected by ionic strength (IS) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) using static batch inactivation experiments at 4°C conducted over a period of 2 months. Experimental conditions were characteristic of an operational managed aquifer recharge (MAR) scheme in Uppsala, Sweden. Experimental data were fit with constant and time-dependent inactivation models using two methods: (1) traditional linear and nonlinear least-squares techniques; and (2) a Monte-Carlo based parameter estimation technique called generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE). The least-squares and GLUE methodologies gave very similar estimates of the model parameters and their uncertainty. This demonstrates that GLUE can be used as a viable alternative to traditional least-squares parameter estimation techniques for fitting of virus inactivation models. Results showed a slight increase in constant inactivation rates following an increase in the DOC concentrations, suggesting that the presence of organic carbon enhanced the inactivation of MS2. The experiment with a high IS and a low DOC was the only experiment which showed that MS2 inactivation may have been timedependent. However, results from the GLUE methodology indicated that models of constant inactivation were able to describe all of the experiments. This suggested that inactivation time-series longer than 2 months were needed in order to provide concrete conclusions regarding the time-dependency of MS2 inactivation at 4°C under these experimental conditions.

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Effect of Surfactants on the Survival and Sorption of Viruses

Cited by 49 publications

References 30 publications

Adhesion-Aggregation and Inactivation of Poliovirus 1 in Groundwater Stored in a Hydrophobic Container

Adhesion-Aggregation and Inactivation of Poliovirus 1 in Groundwater Stored in a Hydrophobic Container

Characterizing Water Circulation and Contaminant Transport in Lake Geneva Using Bacteriophage Tracer Experiments and Limnological Methods

The effects of ionic strength and organic matter on virus inactivation at low temperatures: general likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) as an alternative to least-squares parameter optimization for the fitting of virus inactivation models

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