Effect of sustained saline irrigation on soil salinity and crop yields

Bajwa, M. S.; Josan, A. S.; Hira, G. S.; Singh, N. T.

doi:10.1007/bf00255692

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Gobran et al (1982) also reported that the minimum ESP level attained by the soil after gypsum treatment depends upon the composition of irrigation water. Similar trends were also observed in some of our earlier studies (Bajwa et al 1986;Bajwa and Josan 1989). The grain yield data of wheat and dry matter yields of millet (f) and maize (f) were pooled for the years 1986-87 to 1988-89, 1989-90 to 1991-92 and 1986-87 to 1991-92 (all the years) for statistical analysis because the effects of poor quality waters, gypsum and irrigation intervals were almost similar on all crops grown during different seasons.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of frequency of sodic and saline-sodic irrigations and gypsum on the buildup of sodium in soil and crop yields

1993

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The effect of three frequencies of irrigation with sodic (high residual alkalinity) and saline-sodic (high residual alkalinity and high NaC1 concentration) waters in presence and absence of gypsum application on soil properties and crop yields were investigated under millet (fodder) -wheat -maize (fodder) rotation in a field experiment carried out for 6 years (1986-1992) on a well drained sandy loam Typic Ustochrept soil. Irrespective of the irrigation intervals, sustained use of sodic and salinesodic waters increased pH, electrical conductivity and ESP of the soil and hence significantly decreased crop yields. Application of gypsum decreased ESP and significantly improved crop yields. The beneficial effect of gypsum was lower under saline-sodic irrigation. There were no significant beneficial effects of increasing the frequency of sodic and saline-sodic irrigation, both in presence and absence of applied gypsum, on the yields of wheat and millet (t) crops grown during winter and monsoon seasons, respectively. But decrease in irrigation interval significantly improved yields of maize (f) grown during the hot dry summer period. Frequency of irrigation did not appreciably alter the effectiveness of applied gypsum in wheat and millet (f) but in maize (f), the gypsum treatment was more effective under more frequent irrigation.Many farmers in arid and semi-arid regions have to use saline and sodic waters for irrigation because of the inadequate availability of good quality water. Sustained use of these waters can, however, result in the deterioration of soil properties and hence adversely affect productivity. In order to control the harmful effects of these poor quality waters a number of management practices have been suggested (Ayers and Westcot 1985). One such common practice is irrigation of crops at short intervals, which has been recommended ever since Wadleigh et al. (1946) reported the beneficial effects of increase in irrigation frequency on crop response to salinity. Available literature, Correspondence to: M. S. Bajwa however, shows contradictory reports about the effects of increasing frequency of irrigation using saline waters. No effect of irrigation frequency has been reported for citrus (Heller et al. 1973), beans (Bernstein and Francois 1975) and grass (Hoffman et al. 1983). Detrimental effects of increased frequency have been reported for bell pepper (Bernstein and Franqois, 1975) and eggplant (Shalhevet et al. 1983). On the other hand, response of barley to salinity at longer irrigation intervals has been reported by Wagenet et al. (1980). Whitefield et al. (1986) reported favourable effects of more frequent irrigations on lucerne grown on a heavy clay soil.The literature also shows that work on irrigation frequency has mainly been carried out using saline waters, in which movement of soluble salts and their distribution with time and depth controls the buildup of salinity in the soil profile. But when sodic waters are used for irrigation, precipitation of Ca results in increase of exchangeable sodi...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of frequency of sodic and saline-sodic irrigations and gypsum on the buildup of sodium in soil and crop yields

1993

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“…Results of correlation analyses showed that salt contents were positively related to soil moisture in the 0-10, 10-20, and 20-40 cm depth when PAM treated ( Table 6), suggesting that PAM could be effectively used as water additive in promoting irrigation water infiltration (or salt leaching) and hence topsoil desalinization. The similar observations on water infiltration with PAM were also documented by other studies (Bajwa et al 1986;Miyamoto and Enriquez 1990;Bhatti et al 2005).…”

Section: Relationships Between Soil Salinity Moisture and Phsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Thus, an integrated irrigation management, when combined with other agronomic practices including hydraulic, physical, chemical, biological, and engineering practices, may help both increase the efficiency of infiltration and use of irrigation water, and improve the efficiency of the reclamation, amelioration, and utilization of salt-affected soils. Several soil salt management practices have been recognized by farmers and by researchers, such as draining saline groundwater by pumping into China coastal areas (Zhang 1998), controlled water table management for reducing salt loads from subsurface drainage in semi-arid Australia (Hornbuckle et al 2005), organic fertilizer application for improving salinealkaline soil properties (Chaudhary et al 2003), soil amendment additions (PAM and/or gypsum) for increasing infiltration of irrigation water or salt leaching (Bajwa et al 1986;Miyamoto and Enriquez 1990;Chaudhary et al 2003;Bhatti et al 2005), surface covering with plastic films for preventing strong soil evaporation and salt surface accumulation in China (Xin et al 2003), and other engineering practices (such as terrace land or table land, especially being adapted to saline-alkaline land farming in China) (Luan 2007). Whether sea ice can be used as freshwater also depends on the salinity and alkalinity of the thawed sea ice (Shi et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alternative water source and combined agronomic practices for cotton irrigation in coastal saline soils

et al. 2011

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“…Application of NPK fertilizer alone slightly decreased rice yields over the years but its integrated use with gypsum/FYM/SPM either maintained or enhanced the yields. The usefulness of gypsum and organic manures in ameliorating the deteriorating effects of poor quality irrigation water and improving crop yields has also been reported by Shainberg et al (1981), Ayers and Westcot (1985), Bajwa et al (1986), Bajwa and Josan (1989), Chaudhary et al 2004;Sharma and Minhas 2004. Residual effect of FYM (T6) or gypsum plus FYM (T8) alongwith NPK was significantly better than NPK alone on wheat yield in the year 1996-1997 (Table 4).…”

Section: Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 72%

Effect of Continuous use of Sodic Irrigation Water with and without Gypsum, Farmyard manure, Pressmud and Fertilizer on Soil Properties and Yields of Rice and Wheat in a Long term Experiment

Yaduvanshi

Swarup

2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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A long term field experiment was conducted for 8 years during 1994-2001 to evaluate the effect of N, P, K and Zn fertilizer use alone and in combination with gypsum, farmyard manure (FYM) and pressmud on changes in soil properties and yields of rice and wheat under continuous use of sodic irrigation water (residual sodium carbonate (RSC) 8.5 meq l À1 , and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 8.8 (m mol/l) 1/2 at Bhaini Majra experimental farm of Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India. Continuous use of fertilizer N alone (120 kg ha À1 ) or in combination with P and K significantly improved rice and wheat yields over control (no fertilizer). Phosphorus applied at the rate of 26 kg P ha À1 each to rice and wheat significantly improved the yields and led to a considerable build up in available soil P. When N alone was applied, available soil P and K declined from the initial level of 14.8 and 275 kg ha À1 to 8.5 and 250 kg ha À1 respectively. Potassium applied at a rate of 42 kg K ha À1 to both crops had no effect on yields. Response of rice to Zinc application occurred since 1997 when DTPA extractable Zn declined to 1.48 kg ha À1 from the initial level of 1.99 kg ha À1 . Farmyard manure 10 Mg ha À1 , gypsum 5 Mg ha À1 and pressmud 10 Mg ha À1 along with NPK fertilizer use significantly enhanced yields over NPK treatment alone. Continuous cropping with sodic water and inorganic fertilizer use for 8 years slightly decreased the soil pH e and SAR from the initial value of 8.6 and 29.0 to 8.50 and 18.7 respectively. However, treatments involving the use of gypsum, FYM and pressmud significantly decreased the soil pH and SAR over inorganic fertilizer treatments and control. Nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc uptake were far less than additions made by fertilizer. The actual soil N balance was much lower than the expected balance thereby indicating large losses of N from the soil. There was a negative potassium balance due to greater removal by the crops when compared to K additions. The results suggest that either gypsum or FYM/pressmud along with recommended dose of fertilizers must be used to sustain the productivity of rice -wheat system in areas having sodic ground water for irrigation.

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Effect of sustained saline irrigation on soil salinity and crop yields

Cited by 33 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of frequency of sodic and saline-sodic irrigations and gypsum on the buildup of sodium in soil and crop yields

Effect of frequency of sodic and saline-sodic irrigations and gypsum on the buildup of sodium in soil and crop yields

An alternative water source and combined agronomic practices for cotton irrigation in coastal saline soils

Effect of Continuous use of Sodic Irrigation Water with and without Gypsum, Farmyard manure, Pressmud and Fertilizer on Soil Properties and Yields of Rice and Wheat in a Long term Experiment

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