Abstract:The main aim of this work was the investigation of the possibility of replacing the heavy metallic meshes applied onto the composite structure in airplanes for lightning strike protection with a thin film of Tuball single-wall carbon nanotubes in the form of ultra-light, conductive paper. The Tuball paper studied contained 75 wt% or 90 wt% of carbon nanotubes and was applied on the top of carbon fibre reinforced polymer before fabrication of flat panels. First, the electrical conductivity, impact resistance an… Show more
“…On the contrary, the addition of CNT with epoxy stimulates a drastic rise of viscosity of the matrix, which obstacles its flow through reinforcements. As a result, it is axiomatic that the interfacial bonding of matrix with nanofillers remains inherently flawed, resulting in CNTs pulling out rather than fracture [ 117 ]. This is understandable from Fig.…”
Section: Mechanical Performance Of Different Carbonaceous Compositementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The use of CFRP materials is not new to human history. Coming to the current twenty-first century, it is perceivable from their rapid exploration through all the realms of structural applications, ranging from land to sky, from small playing kits to gigantic space shuttle [ 117 , 179 ]. Their outstanding specific strength, specific stiffness and corrosion resistance have outspokenly set them apart from other counterparts [ 3 ].…”
The utilization of carbonaceous reinforcement-based polymer matrix composites in structural applications has become a hot topic in composite research. Although conventional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) have revolutionized the composite industry by offering unparalleled features, they are often plagued with a weak interface and lack of toughness. However, the promising aspects of carbon fiber-based fiber hybrid composites and hierarchical composites can compensate for these setbacks. This review provides a meticulous landscape and recent progress of polymer matrix-based different carbonaceous (carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, graphene, and nanodiamond) fillers reinforced composites’ mechanical properties. First, the mechanical performance of neat CFRP was exhaustively analyzed, attributing parameters were listed down, and CFRPs’ mechanical performance barriers were clearly outlined. Here, short carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite was distinguished as a prospective material. Second, the strategic advantages of fiber hybrid composites over conventional CFRP were elucidated. Third, the mechanical performance of hierarchical composites based on carbon nanotube (1D), graphene (2D) and nanodiamond (0D) was expounded and evaluated against neat CFRP. Fourth, the review comprehensively discussed different fabrication methods, categorized them according to performance and suggested potential future directions. From here, the review sorted out three-dimensional printing (3DP) as the most futuristic fabrication method and thoroughly delivered its pros and cons in the context of the aforementioned carbonaceous materials. To conclude, the structural applications, current challenges and future prospects pertinent to these carbonaceous fillers reinforced composite materials were elaborated.
“…On the contrary, the addition of CNT with epoxy stimulates a drastic rise of viscosity of the matrix, which obstacles its flow through reinforcements. As a result, it is axiomatic that the interfacial bonding of matrix with nanofillers remains inherently flawed, resulting in CNTs pulling out rather than fracture [ 117 ]. This is understandable from Fig.…”
Section: Mechanical Performance Of Different Carbonaceous Compositementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The use of CFRP materials is not new to human history. Coming to the current twenty-first century, it is perceivable from their rapid exploration through all the realms of structural applications, ranging from land to sky, from small playing kits to gigantic space shuttle [ 117 , 179 ]. Their outstanding specific strength, specific stiffness and corrosion resistance have outspokenly set them apart from other counterparts [ 3 ].…”
The utilization of carbonaceous reinforcement-based polymer matrix composites in structural applications has become a hot topic in composite research. Although conventional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) have revolutionized the composite industry by offering unparalleled features, they are often plagued with a weak interface and lack of toughness. However, the promising aspects of carbon fiber-based fiber hybrid composites and hierarchical composites can compensate for these setbacks. This review provides a meticulous landscape and recent progress of polymer matrix-based different carbonaceous (carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, graphene, and nanodiamond) fillers reinforced composites’ mechanical properties. First, the mechanical performance of neat CFRP was exhaustively analyzed, attributing parameters were listed down, and CFRPs’ mechanical performance barriers were clearly outlined. Here, short carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite was distinguished as a prospective material. Second, the strategic advantages of fiber hybrid composites over conventional CFRP were elucidated. Third, the mechanical performance of hierarchical composites based on carbon nanotube (1D), graphene (2D) and nanodiamond (0D) was expounded and evaluated against neat CFRP. Fourth, the review comprehensively discussed different fabrication methods, categorized them according to performance and suggested potential future directions. From here, the review sorted out three-dimensional printing (3DP) as the most futuristic fabrication method and thoroughly delivered its pros and cons in the context of the aforementioned carbonaceous materials. To conclude, the structural applications, current challenges and future prospects pertinent to these carbonaceous fillers reinforced composite materials were elaborated.
“…However, in the literature, one can find a correlation between the increase in the impact strength value with the addition of more CNTs, for example, due to their excellent mechanical properties. The increase in impact strength values with the addition of CNTs is related to factors such as CNTs pullout and bridging 43 , 44 . Figure 6 Impact resistance of CFRPs before and after the recycling process.…”
Carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are commonly used in aviation, automotive and renewable energy markets, which are constantly growing. Increasing the production of composite parts leads to increased waste production and a future increase in end-of-life components. To improve the recyclability of CFRPs, new materials that fit in with the idea of a circular economy should be used as a composite matrix. One such material is a commercially available thermoplastic liquid resin, Elium® (Arkema, France). In this work, the authors investigated how the mechanical recycling process affects the properties of thermoplastic-based carbon fibre composites. CFRPs with neat Elium® resin and resin modified with 0.02 wt.% single-walled carbon nanotubes or 0.02 wt.% multi-walled carbon nanotubes were manufactured using the resin infusion process. Afterwards, prepared laminates were mechanically ground, and a new set of composites was manufactured by thermopressing. The microstructure, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties were investigated for both sets of composites. The results showed that mechanical grinding and thermopressing processes lead to a significant increase in the electrical conductivity of composites. Additionally, a sharp decrease in all mechanical properties was observed.
“…The last question is related to the relevance of simulated lightning strike tests to composite structures. A lightning strike causes local damage to various types of composite structures, such as protected CFRP composites with expanded copper mesh, unprotected CFRP composites, composites with and without paint layers [24,29,30,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74], composites with vertically interleaved fibers [74], composites containing electrically conductive nanofillers [75][76][77][78] and single-walled CNT tuball paper [79], composites with conductive coatings [80,81], metal-tufted composites [82], thermoset and thermoplastic composites [50,83], sandwiched composites [84], stitched composites [85], scarf-repaired composites [2], composites with mechanical fasteners [27], and adhesively bonded composite [86], as well as full-scale composite structures, such as wind turbine blades [18,[87][88][89]. Although existing simulated lightning strike experimental studies for CFRP composites primarily focused on unprotected and protected composites and composites with mechanical fasteners, the other composite structures are also of significant importance.…”
Lightning strike events pose significant challenges to the structural integrity and performance of composite materials, particularly in aerospace, wind turbine blade, and infrastructure applications. Through a meticulous examination of the state-of-the-art methodologies of laboratory testing and damage predictive modeling, this review elucidates the role of simulated lightning strike tests in providing inputs required for damage modeling and experimental data for model validations. In addition, this review provides a holistic understanding of what is there, what are current issues, and what is still missing in both lightning strike testing and modeling to enable a robust and high-fidelity predictive capability, and challenges and future recommendations are also presented. The insights gleaned from this review are poised to catalyze advancements in the safety, reliability, and durability of composite materials under lightning strike conditions, as well as to facilitate the development of innovative lightning damage mitigation strategies.
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