Effect of swimming exercise on three-dimensional trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats

Ju, Yong-In; Sone, Toshio; Ohnaru, Kazuhiro; Tanaka, Kensuke; Fukunaga, Masao

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00147.2015

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…They were then subjected to swimming exercise (45–60 min/day, 5 times/week) for 8 weeks. The temperature of the water was maintained at 36°C ± 2°C, at which the core temperature is not affected 14 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ju et al . reported increased femoral density and trabecular size after 12 weeks of swimming exercise, and found that muscle contraction during swimming exercise can sufficiently improve bone mineral density 14 . However, with numerous suggestions that underwater exercises such as swimming, in which the load is reduced by buoyant force, hinder improvement in bone mineral density 1 , 24 , further investigation is necessary to clarify the effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Weight-bearing exercises such as running on a treadmill have most commonly been used in research 12 , 21 , 27 . However, several recent studies suggest that swimming can also effectively improve bone mineral density 7 , 14 . Ju et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of swimming exercise on high-fat diet-induced low bone mineral density and trabecular bone microstructure in rats

Kang

Kim

2017

JENB

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[Purpose]This study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming exercise on high-fat diet-induced low bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone microstructure in rats. [Methods]Eight-week-old male Sprague– Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a normal diet group (n = 9) and a high-fat diet group (n = 15). Three rats in each group were sacrificed after 8 weeks of high-fat diet to evaluate the association between high-fat diet and bone health. The other 18 rats were reassigned to 3 groups (normal diet control, NC; high-fat diet control, HC; high-fat diet + Exercise, HEx) for up to another 8 weeks. Rats in the exercise group were trained for a swimming exercise program (1 h/day, 5 times/ week for 8 weeks). All rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last bout of exercise to analyze the BMD and trabecular bone microstructure in the femur and tibia, using micro-computed tomography. [Results]First, the effect of high-fat diet on bone health was examined. It was observed that BMD, percent bone volume (BV/TV), and trabecular number (Tb.N) of the femur and tibia were lower in rats in the high-fat diet group than in those in the normal diet group (p < .05). In addition, BMD, BV/TV, and Tb.N of the femur and tibia were significantly increased in rats that underwent the 8-week swimming exercise program, compared to the corresponding values in rats in the HC group (p < .05). [Conclusion]These results indicate that high-fat diets negatively affect bone health; however, these negative effects can be improved by exercises such as swimming.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Effects of swimming exercise on high-fat diet-induced low bone mineral density and trabecular bone microstructure in rats

Kang

Kim

2017

JENB

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“…(19,20) Non-weightbearing-swimming exercise also prevented bone loss associated with ovariectomy or hindlimb suspension. (21)(22)(23) In the following study, we investigated the effect of weight-bearing (voluntary wheel-running) and non-weight-bearing-(swimming) physical activity on musculoskeletal mass and strength in wild type (WT) and homozygous OI murine (oim/oim) mice. Gentry and colleagues were the first to identify an intrinsic muscle pathology in OI by demonstrating that oim/oim mice have reduced specific muscle contractile function (described as the peak tetanic force normalized to myofiber cross sectional area) as compared with WT littermates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compromised Exercise Capacity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Murine (oim) Mouse Model

Gremminger

Jeong

Cunningham

et al. 2019

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disorder that most often arises from type I collagen—COL1A1 and COL1A2—gene defects leading to skeletal fragility, short stature, blue‐gray sclera, and muscle weakness. Relative to the skeletal fragility, muscle weakness is much less understood. Recent investigations into OI muscle weakness in both patients and mouse models have revealed the presence of an inherent muscle pathology. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for OI muscle weakness is critical, particularly in light of the extensive cross‐talk between muscle and bone via mechanotransduction and biochemical signaling. In the following study we initially subjected WT and oim/oim mice, modeling severe human OI type III, to either weight‐bearing (voluntary wheel‐running) or non‐weight‐bearing (swimming) exercise regimens as a modality to improve muscle strength and ultimately bone strength. The oim/oim mice ran only 35% to 42% of the distance run by age‐ and sex‐matched WT mice and exhibited little improvement with either exercise regimen. Upon further investigation, we determined that oim/oim gastrocnemius muscle exhibited severe mitochondrial dysfunction as characterized by a 52% to 65% decrease in mitochondrial respiration rates, alterations in markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and the electron transport chain components, as well as decreased mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, relative to age‐ and sex‐matched WT gastrocnemius muscle. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction in the oim/oim mouse likely contributes to compromised muscle function and reduced physical activity levels. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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“…In contrast, physical exercise can act as an important non-drug intervention, increasing BMD and bone tissue resistance. Exercises with no impact, such as swimming and cycling, do not demonstrate an effect on improving BMD 12,13 ; however, studies that used swimming to reverse a BMD reduction framework caused by the absence of mechanical stimuli showed effectiveness in increasing BMD after swimming exercise 2,12,14 . In the present study, although there was no difference between the ET4 and BL groups, the animals that performed the aerobic swimming exercise demonstrated increased BMD after eight weeks of training (ET8), compared to the BL group without intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aerobic, anaerobic, and concurrent training on bone mineral density of rats

Castoldi

Louzada

Oliveira

et al. 2017

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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-A sample of 39 rats were divided into the following groups: baseline (BL); aerobic training (ET4 and ET8); anaerobic training (ST4 and ST8); and concurrent training (CT4 and CT8). The aerobic training was performed by swimming with a load corresponding to 70% of the anaerobic threshold; the anaerobic training was performed by jumping in water with a load corresponding to 50% of body weight; and the concurrent training combined the two protocols. The analysis of BMD was performed on the tibia of the animals and showed an increase in the density of the ST4, CT4, ET8, ST8, and CT8 groups when compared with both the BL and ET4. Thus, it is concluded that anaerobic exercise was shown to be effective in increasing the BMD of animals after four weeks of training; however, aerobic training was only able to raise BMD following eight weeks of training.

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Effect of swimming exercise on three-dimensional trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 60 publications

Effects of swimming exercise on high-fat diet-induced low bone mineral density and trabecular bone microstructure in rats

Effects of swimming exercise on high-fat diet-induced low bone mineral density and trabecular bone microstructure in rats

Compromised Exercise Capacity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Murine (oim) Mouse Model

Effects of aerobic, anaerobic, and concurrent training on bone mineral density of rats

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