Effect of Synthesis on Performance of MXene/Iron Oxide Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Two-dimensional heterostructures, such as FeO/MXene nanoparticles, can be attractive anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the synergy between high lithium-storage capacity of FeO and stable cyclability and high conductivity provided by MXene. Here, we improved the storage performance of TiCT (MXene)/FeO nanocomposite by confining FeO nanoparticles into TiCT nanosheets with different mixing ratios using a facile and scalable dry ball-milling process. Composites of TiCT -25 wt % FeO and TiCT -50 wt % FeO synthesized by ball-milling resulted in uniform distribution of FeO nanoparticles on TiCT nanosheets with minimum oxidation of MXene as compared to composites prepared by hydrothermal or wet sonication. Moreover, the composites demonstrated minimum restacking of the nanosheets and higher specific surface area. Among all studied composites, the TiCT -50 wt % FeO showed the highest reversible specific capacity of ∼270 mAh g at 1C (∼203 mAh g based on the composite) and rate performance of 100 mAh g at 10C. This can open the door for synthesizing stable and high-performance MXene/transition metal oxide composites with significantly enhanced electrochemical performance for LIB applications.

Surface Modification of a MXene by an Aminosilane Coupling Agent

“…For example, the functionalized MXenes can act as curing agents for epoxy resins and allow the development of electrically conductive composites . In addition, they can play the role of substrates for surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, electrodes for energy‐storage devices and metal ion absorber . The results presented in this article point to the potential of MXenes for self‐assembly, which permits bottom‐up manufacturing of nanodevices.…”

“…[60] In addition, they can play the role of substrates for surfaceinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization, elec trodes for energystorage devices and metal ion absorber. [61][62][63][64] The results presented in this article point to the potential of MXenes for selfassembly, which permits bottomup manu facturing of nanodevices. Ensembles of nanoparticles made by selfassembly are used in nanoscale thermometer, data storage devices, catalysis recovery, magnetic data storage, delivery of biologically active species, electrochemical biosensors, etc.…”

Electrostatic Self-assembly of 0D–2D SnO2 Quantum Dots/Ti3C2Tx MXene Hybrids as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…The comparison of the rate performance for QDs/MXene-52 with previously reported SnO 2 -based anodes and other MXene-based anodes is plotted in Fig. 5 c. The SnO 2 QDs/MXene-52 demonstrate superior rate capability compared to other anode materials based on MXene matrix, such as SnO 2 QDs/MXene backbone [ 40 ], SnO x nanosheets/MXene [ 54 ], Fe 2 O 3 /Mxene [ 37 ], Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles@MXene [ 50 ], TiO 2 nanowire/Ti 3 C 2 [ 55 ], CoO nanoparticles/Ti 3 C 2 [ 44 ], MoS 2 / p -Ti 3 C 2 [ 56 ], and Si@Ti 3 C 2 [ 57 ] etc.…”

“…Thus, the MXene/ metal oxide hybrid could achieve high capacity, stable cycle and good rate performance [37][38][39][40][41]. For example, Ti 3 C 2 T x /Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite was prepared by confining Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles into Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets through ball-milling method, which showed reversible capacities of ~ 203 mAh g −1 at 1 C and 100 mAh g −1 at 10 C [37]. MXene/NiCo 2 O 4 composite with a capacity reaching up to 1330 mAh g −1 was synthesized by spray coating method [38].…”

“…In the hybrids, MXene can improve the conductivity and buffer the volume changes of the metal oxide, while the metal oxide provides high capacity. Thus, the MXene/metal oxide hybrid could achieve high capacity, stable cycle and good rate performance [ 37 – 41 ]. For example, Ti 3 C 2 T x /Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite was prepared by confining Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles into Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets through ball-milling method, which showed reversible capacities of ~ 203 mAh g −1 at 1 C and 100 mAh g −1 at 10 C [ 37 ].…”