Effect of Synthesis Processes on the Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of LiMnPO₄ Cathode Material

Dual Modification of Olivine LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 Cathodes with Accelerated Kinetics for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…In the past few years, with the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, pursuing higher energy density has become the ultimate goal for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), where the cathode materials contribute about 40% of the total cost. − Therefore, developing novel cathode materials with low-cost, high energy-density, and high-safety has become the spotlight of attention. − The current mainstream LiFePO 4 materials show excellent cost-effectiveness and safety, but their discharge platform is as low as 3.4 V (vs Li/Li + ), resulting in an unsatisfactory energy density (586 Wh·kg –1 ). − Considering that the Mn element can form a favorable solid solution in the LiFePO 4 framework and the Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ pair has a higher discharge platform (4.1 V vs Li/Li + ), LiMn x Fe 1– x PO 4 (LMFP) cathode materials show massive potential in the large-scale application. − It balances the advantages of LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 , which can theoretically achieve low cost, high security, and enhanced energy density simultaneously. , However, the electronic and ionic conductivities of LMFP urgently need improvement due to its significantly enlarged band gap and crowded Li + diffusion channels. Moreover, the inherent Jahn–Teller effect of Mn 3+ would result in an increase in the interface impedance, further limiting the reaction kinetics of LMFP cathode materials during the rapid charge/discharge process. − …”

A critical revelation of lithium ferromanganese phosphate (LMFP) performance in a Mn-rich cathode for Li-ion batteries using Fe equivalents to occupy a Mn site

“…While combining conductive elements and decreasing the material's size can improve the LiMnPO 4 material's electrochemical performance, it has minimal effect on the material's electron-ion transport capabilities since its crystal properties remain largely unaffected. [10][11][12][13] Elemental doping can fundamentally elevate the performance of LiMnPO 4 materials, and one of the most widely used methods is the doping of equivalent or covalent cations at Li or transition metal Mn sites. 14,15 Theoretical calculations suggest that Li site doping can reduce the electrochemical performance of LiMnPO 4 by blocking the conduction pathway, which in turn can cause damage to the electrochemical performance of LiMnPO 4 .…”

Enhanced LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 Cathode Performance Enabled by the 1,3,2-Dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide Electrolyte Additive

“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the dominant energy storage technologies nowadays, and the emerging portable electronics, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage systems are driving the growing demand for higher energy densities. Since the first report regarding olivine-structured lithium transition metal phosphates (LiMPO 4 , M = Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni) by Goodenough et al in 1997, LiMnPO 4 has been extensively studied and recognized as a promising cathode for high-energy density LIBs owing to its higher redox voltage (4.1 V vs Li + /Li) compared to LiFePO 4 (3.4 V vs Li + /Li). − Even so, the LiMnPO 4 -based cathode material still suffers from capacity degradation during cycling due to the undesirable interfacial side reactions between the cathode and the electrolyte. , Therefore, the cathode/electrolyte interface plays a crucial role in influencing the performance of the LiMnPO 4 -based cathode. Apparently, establishing a favorable cathode/electrolyte interface will be highly conducive to improving the cycling performance, which can be achieved by tuning the properties of the electrolyte.…”