Effect of tantalum on the temperature dependent electrical characteristics of NaNb1−Ta O3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) ceramics between 400 and 560 °C

Lead-Free NaNbO3-Based Ceramics for Electrostatic Energy Storage Capacitors

“…This modification reduced the dielectric loss and increased volume resistivity by substituting Nb 5+ cations with Ta 5+ cations at a concentration in the compound (Na 0.8 Bi 0.1 )(Nb 0.9−x Ta x Ti 0.1 )O 3 (where x = 0.15) [108]. Such improvements have also been observed in various niobate ceramics, underscoring the broader applicability of this approach [109,110]. The improved volume resistivity of these ceramics contributes significantly to energy economy and E max in energy storage applications [10].…”

“…Ta Ti (where x = 0.15) [108]. Such improvements have also been observed in various n ceramics, underscoring the broader applicability of this approach [109,110]. The imp volume resistivity of these ceramics contributes significantly to energy economy and in energy storage applications [10].…”

“…Consequently, there is no known existence of steady double polarisation hysteresis loops in this NaNbO 3 . Research by Cross and Nicholson [82], Ulinzheev et al [83], and Miller et al [84] into NaNbO 3 crystals has shown that applying electric fields, both parallel and perpendicular to the orthorhombic c axis, also known as the [110] PC direction, induces phase transitions. However, while a double hysteresis loop can initially be observed when a sufficiently strong electric field is applied perpendicular to the orthorhombic c axis [85], subsequent electrical cycles lead to instability, causing the loop to become indistinguishable from a typical FE loop.…”